Posts tagged: Renewable Energy Source

OT: Blast From The Past

Question:

Bush Signs Energy Bill, Measure Includes Billions in Tax Breaks for Industry By Jim VandeHei and Justin Blum (Washington Post) Tuesday, August 9, 2005 ALBUQUERQUE, Aug. 8 — President Bush signed the first national energy legislation in more than a decade on Monday, hailing the measure as a smart way to make Americans more secure and less dependent on foreign oil. The new 1,724-page energy law, four years in the making, will provide $14.5 billion in tax breaks. The recipients will include producers of oil, natural gas, coal and nuclear power, as well as smaller incentives for consumers who use cleaner-burning fuels produced in this country. Analysts say it is unlikely most Americans will see a noticeable improvement in their energy costs in the short term. The bill exempts oil and gas industries from some clean-water laws, streamlines permits for oil wells and power lines on public lands, and helps the hydropower industry appeal environmental restrictions.

Response:

Filibuster in the Senate! by humphrey Thu Apr 27, 2006 at 09:42:56 AM PDT    Senator Ron Wyden (D-Oregon) is currently filibustering the emergency spending bill in the Senate. He is offering an ammendment that would eliminate royalty relief for oil companies when the price of oil is above $50 a barrel. He simply wants a vote on his ammendment. This vote would eliminate subsidies to the oil companies costing billions of dollars. Obviously the Republicans do not want this ammendment to come to a vote as it would hurt big oil. It would put the Senators in a difficult position. Oil companies are cheating Americans out of billions

OT: The Real Reason For War!

Question:

Here it is folks…..this is why our sons and daughters are dying in a far off land.  Quite simply, so that we can have access to a fuel that will very likely run out in their own lifetimes, and maybe some of ours. I know that makes me feel all warm and fuzzy, knowing my president LIED to us again and again…in fact, he still has not come clean about the *real* reason for the war. Gee….what do you think would happen, if we spent the combined resources of the war, on perfecting an alternate and renewable fuel, instead of spilling blood over the last few drops of oil?  Hmmmmm????   And then, when the oil does run out, we’ve perfected the new technology, so we sell it to the world. Golly…..that’s pretty liberal thinking, eh? You idiots have no idea what is going on.  Most of you never will, either. I pity you. (P.S.  Don’t waste your time responding, unless you want to see your own words.  I’m out of here….) Secret US plans for Iraq’s oil The Bush administration made plans for war and for Iraq’s oil before the 9/11 attacks, sparking a policy battle between neo-cons and Big Oil, BBC’s Newsnight has revealed. Two years ago today – when President George Bush announced US, British and Allied forces would begin to bomb Baghdad – protesters claimed the US had a secret plan for Iraq’s oil once Saddam had been conquered. In fact there were two conflicting plans, setting off a hidden policy war between neo-conservatives at the Pentagon, on one side, versus a combination of "Big Oil" executives and US State Department "pragmatists". "Big Oil" appears to have won. The latest plan, obtained by Newsnight from the US State Department was, we learned, drafted with the help of American oil industry consultants. Insiders told Newsnight that planning began "within weeks" of Bush’s first taking office in 2001, long before the September 11th attack on the US. An Iraqi-born oil industry consultant, Falah Aljibury, says he took part in the secret meetings in California, Washington and the Middle East. He described a State Department plan for a forced coup d’etat. Mr Aljibury himself told Newsnight that he interviewed potential successors to Saddam Hussein on behalf of the Bush administration. Secret sell-off plan The industry-favoured plan was pushed aside by a secret plan, drafted just before the invasion in 2003, which called for the sell-off of all of Iraq’s oil fields. The new plan was crafted by neo-conservatives intent on using Iraq’s oil to destroy the Opec cartel through massive increases in production above Opec quotas. The sell-off was given the green light in a secret meeting in London headed by Ahmed Chalabi shortly after the US entered Baghdad, according to Robert Ebel. Mr Ebel, a former Energy and CIA oil analyst, now a fellow at the Center for Strategic and International Studies in Washington, told Newsnight he flew to the London meeting at the request of the State Department. Mr Aljibury, once Ronald Reagan’s "back-channel" to Saddam, claims that plans to sell off Iraq’s oil, pushed by the US-installed Governing Council in 2003, helped instigate the insurgency and attacks on US and British occupying forces. "Insurgents used this, saying, ‘Look, you’re losing your country, you’re losing your resources to a bunch of wealthy billionaires who want to take you over and make your life miserable,’" said Mr Aljibury from his home near San Francisco. "We saw an increase in the bombing of oil facilities, pipelines, built on the premise that privatisation is coming." Privatisation blocked by industry Philip Carroll, the former CEO of Shell Oil USA who took control of Iraq’s oil production for the US Government a month after the invasion, stalled the sell-off scheme. Mr Carroll told us he made it clear to Paul Bremer, the US occupation chief who arrived in Iraq in May 2003, that: "There was to be no privatisation of Iraqi oil resources or facilities while I was involved." Ariel Cohen, of the neo-conservative Heritage Foundation, told Newsnight that an opportunity had been missed to privatise Iraq’s oil fields. He advocated the plan as a means to help the US defeat Opec, and said America should have gone ahead with what he called a "no-brainer" decision. Mr Carroll hit back, telling Newsnight, "I would agree with that statement. To privatize would be a no-brainer. It would only be thought about by someone with no brain." New plans, obtained from the State Department by Newsnight and Harper’s Magazine under the US Freedom of Information Act, called for creation of a state-owned oil company favoured by the US oil industry. It was completed in January 2004 under the guidance of Amy Jaffe of the James Baker Institute in Texas. Formerly US Secretary of State, Baker is now an attorney representing Exxon-Mobil and the Saudi Arabian government. View segments of Iraq oil plans at www.GregPalast.com <http://www.gregpalast.com/opeconthemarch.html> Questioned by Newsnight, Ms Jaffe said the oil industry prefers state control of Iraq’s oil over a sell-off because it fears a repeat of Russia’s energy privatisation. In the wake of the collapse of the Soviet Union, US oil companies were barred from bidding for the reserves. Ms Jaffe says US oil companies are not warm to any plan that would undermine Opec and the current high oil price: "I’m not sure that if I’m the chair of an American company, and you put me on a lie detector test, I would say high oil prices are bad for me or my company." The former Shell oil boss agrees. In Houston, he told Newsnight: "Many neo conservatives are people who have certain ideological beliefs about markets, about democracy, about this, that and the other. International oil companies, without exception, are very pragmatic commercial organizations. They don’t have a theology." A State Department spokesman told Newsnight they intended "to provide all possibilities to the Oil Ministry of Iraq and advocate none". Greg Palast’s film – the result of a joint investigation by Newsnight and Harper’s Magazine – will be broadcast on Thursday, 17 March, 2005.

Response:

> I know that makes me feel all warm and fuzzy, knowing my president LIED to > us again and again…in fact, he still has not come clean about the *real* > reason for the war.

The "Lie" about WMD`s has been debunked Ssoooooooooo many times. It`s sad seeing small minds trapped in their circle logic. > (P.S.  Don’t waste your time responding, unless you want to see your own > words.  I’m out of here….)

Promises, promises. 1) For anyone that might be unaware, there are contengentcy plans at the Pentagon to attack virtually every nation on earth, and those are continually being updated. 2) If we were the puppet masters of the new government in Iraq, the results would have been much different. The Iraqi`s have spoken, and they, like us, will end up with the government of their choice. See ya, John

Response:

Osama bin Pritchard posted the latest foilhat-kook Haliburton/Carlysle/Skull and Bones whackjob .edu horse-shit conspiracy theory and then made a promise he will not keep: >(P.S.  Don’t waste your time responding, unless you want to see your own >words.  I’m out of here….)

There, there.  There, there.  It’ll be all right, really it will. Here’s the crux of the matter, son.  I’m sure you’ll understand, being all educated an’ everything… Wizard of Oz: Back where I come from, we have universities, seats of great learning, where men go to become great thinkers. And when they come out, they think deep thoughts and with no more brains than you have. But they have one thing you haven’t got: a diploma. Therefore, by virtue of the authority vested in me by the Universitartus Committiartum E Pluribus Unum, I hereby confer upon you the honorary degree of ThD. Scarecrow: ThD? Wizard of Oz: That’s… Doctor of Thinkology. I reckon that pretty much nails it. Lord Valve American "Some have brains, and some haven’t," Pooh says, "and there it is."

Response:

>> I know that makes me feel all warm and fuzzy, knowing my president LIED to > us again and again…in fact, he still has not come clean about the *real* > reason for the war. >The "Lie" about WMD`s has been debunked Ssoooooooooo many times. It`s sad >seeing small minds trapped in their circle logic.

Are you saying the American people would have supported the invasion of Iraq without the WMD rationale presented by Dumber’nyuh and minions, or are you rerunning the "honest mistake" excuse?   Either way, you’re screwed and rightly so. > (P.S.  Don’t waste your time responding, unless you want to see your own > words.  I’m out of here….) >Promises, promises. >1) For anyone that might be unaware, there are contengentcy plans at the >Pentagon to attack virtually every nation on earth, and those are >continually being updated.

What a comforting thought — so many ways to screw things up already on the shelf… >2) If we were the puppet masters of the new government in Iraq, the results >would have been much different.

The election results were manipulated — the Sistani faction would have had a solid majority if not for counting irregularities by the Allawi/U.S.-dominated Election Commission, which forced the Shiites to deal with the Kurds.  Stay tuned by all means! >The Iraqi`s have spoken, and they, like us, >will end up with the government of their choice.

Do you really believe that this administration would allow Iraq to have a Sh’aria-based constitution establishing a de-facto Islamic republic closely aligned with Shiite Iran to the east and a Shiite faction in Lebanon, Syria, and the Palestinian areas to the west, the folks known as "Hezbollah?"        Posted via TITANnews – Uncensored Newsgroups Access              >>>> at http://www.TitanNews.com <<<< -=Every Newsgroup – Anonymous, UNCENSORED, BROADBAND Downloads=-

Response:

It was interesting when it came out that Bush`s SAT`s were HIGHER than Kerry`s. He qualified for Fighter Aircraft. The testing for that requires VERY bright people and most do NOT qualify, and no matter what connections you have, you don`t get into Fighters unless you qualify. > "honest mistake" excuse? > Either way, you’re screwed > and rightly so.

1) It was only the belief of Russian, Italian, Jordanian, Egyptian, Israeli, British, and American Intel at that time, and more, and more stories are coming out by those that believe that WMD`s were there, and they were moved to Lebanon thru Syria. >1) For anyone that might be unaware, there are contengentcy plans at the >Pentagon to attack virtually every nation on earth, and those are >continually being updated. > What a comforting thought — > so many ways to screw things > up already on the shelf…

Whn the Pentagon plans the Left screams, but if the Military is caught with it`s pants down, the Left still screams. Either you want us to be prepared, or you want us to be victimized. Make up your mind… – Hide quoted text — Show quoted text ->2) If we were the puppet masters of the new government in Iraq, the >results >would have been much different. > The election results were > manipulated — the Sistani > faction would have had a > solid majority if not for > counting irregularities by > the Allawi/U.S.-dominated > Election Commission, which > forced the Shiites to deal > with the Kurds.  Stay > tuned by all means!

I will.. – Hide quoted text — Show quoted text ->The Iraqi`s have spoken, and they, like us, >will end up with the government of their choice. > Do you really believe that > this administration would > allow Iraq to have a > Sh’aria-based constitution > establishing a de-facto > Islamic republic closely > aligned with Shiite Iran > to the east and a Shiite > faction in Lebanon, Syria, > and the Palestinian areas > to the west, the folks > known as "Hezbollah?"

Sistani`s already come out AGAINST turning Iraq into a Islamic Republic, but only time will tell… See ya, John

Response:

> (P.S.  Don’t waste your time responding, unless you want to see your own > words.  I’m out of here….)

good riddance! paul arizona

Response:

– Hide quoted text — Show quoted text – > It was interesting when it came out that Bush`s SAT`s were HIGHER than > Kerry`s. He qualified for Fighter Aircraft. The testing for that requires > VERY bright people and most do NOT qualify, and no matter what connections > you have, you don`t get into Fighters unless you qualify. > "honest mistake" excuse? > Either way, you’re screwed > and rightly so. > 1) It was only the belief of Russian, Italian, Jordanian, Egyptian, > Israeli, British, and American Intel at that time, and more, and more > stories are coming out by those that believe that WMD`s were there, and > they were moved to Lebanon thru Syria.

uh… it was also the very publicly stated belief of france and germany and italy and britain and virtually every other country in the world (with the exception of course of syria who is now holding those WMD’s) that there were WMD’s. i think i remember at the time, some of the liberals in this NG that were constantly announcing the impending doom of the american military at the hands of saddam’s WMD’s. lol, paul arizona

Response:

>Osama bin Pritchard posted the latest foilhat-kook >Haliburton/Carlysle/Skull and Bones whackjob >.edu horse-shit conspiracy theory and then made >a promise he will not keep: >(P.S.  Don’t waste your time responding, unless >you want to see your own words.  I’m out of here….)

You should be able to relate to that: >Newsgroups: alt.guitar.amps >For the last time -> >YOU LOST!  GET OVER IT! >LV

Newsgroups: alt.guitar.amps YOU LOST.  Get over it. You’ll continue to lose, too. Because that’s what losers do. Suffer. Lord Valve American The Repair Guy http://repairguy1993.netfirms.com/

Response:

> 2) If we were the puppet masters of the new government in Iraq, the results > would have been much different. The Iraqi`s have spoken, and they, like us, > will end up with the government of their choice. > See ya, > John

Hi, Puppet master? Going back to history, S. Korea(S.M. Rhee), S. Vietnam(G. D. Diem), What happened in Chile? What happened in Nicaragua? Now what’s happening in Iraq and Afghanistan? Is your thinking brain working in good order? Hope majority Americans are not like you. Tony

Response:

> I know that makes me feel all warm and fuzzy, knowing my president LIED to > us again and again…in fact, he still has not come clean about the *real* > reason for the war. > The "Lie" about WMD`s has been debunked Ssoooooooooo many times. It`s sad > seeing small minds trapped in their circle logic.

Making unfounded assertions again, John?  Well, you can rest assured that I will call you on it.  Support your claim or get another ear-boxing. What about those Bush lies?  Found any time to address that thread again? __ Steve .

Response:

> It was interesting when it came out that Bush`s SAT`s were HIGHER than > Kerry`s. He qualified for Fighter Aircraft. The testing for that requires > VERY bright people and most do NOT qualify, and no matter what connections > you have, you don`t get into Fighters unless you qualify.

So what?  He’s been known to LIE, so why couldn’t he CHEAT? Let’s look at what you so glibly deleted: > Are you saying the American > people would have supported > the invasion of Iraq without > the WMD rationale presented > by Dumber’nyuh and minions, > or are you rerunning the > "honest mistake" excuse? > Either way, you’re screwed > and rightly so.

You really should address this one, John… I think it’s important. __ Steve .

Response:

All true, plus the price of gasoline is at an all time – thanks George you fucknig idiot.

– Hide quoted text — Show quoted text -> Here it is folks…..this is why our sons and daughters are dying in a > far off land.  Quite simply, so that we can have access to a fuel that > will very likely run out in their own lifetimes, and maybe some of ours. > I know that makes me feel all warm and fuzzy, knowing my president LIED > to us again and again…in fact, he still has not come clean about the > *real* reason for the war. > Gee….what do you think would happen, if we spent the combined > resources of the war, on perfecting an alternate and renewable fuel, > instead of spilling blood over the last few drops of oil?  Hmmmmm???? > And then, when the oil does run out, we’ve perfected the new technology, > so we sell it to the world. > Golly…..that’s pretty liberal thinking, eh? > You idiots have no idea what is going on.  Most of you never will, either. > I pity you. > (P.S.  Don’t waste your time responding, unless you want to see your own > words.  I’m out of here….) > Secret US plans for Iraq’s oil > The Bush administration made plans for war and for Iraq’s oil before the > 9/11 attacks, sparking a policy battle between neo-cons and Big Oil, > BBC’s Newsnight has revealed. > Two years ago today – when President George Bush announced US, British > and Allied forces would begin to bomb Baghdad – protesters claimed the > US had a secret plan for Iraq’s oil once Saddam had been conquered. > In fact there were two conflicting plans, setting off a hidden policy > war between neo-conservatives at the Pentagon, on one side, versus a > combination of "Big Oil" executives and US State Department "pragmatists". > "Big Oil" appears to have won. The latest plan, obtained by Newsnight > from the US State Department was, we learned, drafted with the help of > American oil industry consultants. > Insiders told Newsnight that planning began "within weeks" of Bush’s > first taking office in 2001, long before the September 11th attack on > the US. > An Iraqi-born oil industry consultant, Falah Aljibury, says he took part > in the secret meetings in California, Washington and the Middle East. He > described a State Department plan for a forced coup d’etat. > Mr Aljibury himself told Newsnight that he interviewed potential > successors to Saddam Hussein on behalf of the Bush administration. > Secret sell-off plan > The industry-favoured plan was pushed aside by a secret plan, drafted > just before the invasion in 2003, which called for the sell-off of all > of Iraq’s oil fields. The new plan was crafted by neo-conservatives > intent on using Iraq’s oil to destroy the Opec cartel through massive > increases in production above Opec quotas. > The sell-off was given the green light in a secret meeting in London > headed by Ahmed Chalabi shortly after the US entered Baghdad, according > to Robert Ebel. > Mr Ebel, a former Energy and CIA oil analyst, now a fellow at the Center > for Strategic and International Studies in Washington, told Newsnight he > flew to the London meeting at the request of the State Department. > Mr Aljibury, once Ronald Reagan’s "back-channel" to Saddam, claims that > plans to sell off Iraq’s oil, pushed by the US-installed Governing > Council in 2003, helped instigate the insurgency and attacks on US and > British occupying forces. > "Insurgents used this, saying, ‘Look, you’re losing your country, you’re > losing your resources to a bunch of wealthy billionaires who want to > take you over and make your life miserable,’" said Mr Aljibury from his > home near San Francisco. > "We saw an increase in the bombing of oil facilities, pipelines, built > on the premise that privatisation is coming." > Privatisation blocked by industry > Philip Carroll, the former CEO of Shell Oil USA who took control of > Iraq’s oil production for the US Government a month after the invasion, > stalled the sell-off scheme. > Mr Carroll told us he made it clear to Paul Bremer, the US occupation > chief who arrived in Iraq in May 2003, that: "There was to be no > privatisation of Iraqi oil resources or facilities while I was involved." > Ariel Cohen, of the neo-conservative Heritage Foundation, told Newsnight > that an opportunity had been missed to privatise Iraq’s oil fields. > He advocated the plan as a means to help the US defeat Opec, and said > America should have gone ahead with what he called a "no-brainer" decision. > Mr Carroll hit back, telling Newsnight, "I would agree with that > statement. To privatize would be a no-brainer. It would only be thought > about by someone with no brain." > New plans, obtained from the State Department by Newsnight and Harper’s > Magazine under the US Freedom of Information Act, called for creation of > a state-owned oil company favoured by the US oil industry. It was > completed in January 2004 under the guidance of Amy Jaffe of the James > Baker Institute in Texas. > Formerly US Secretary of State, Baker is now an attorney representing > Exxon-Mobil and the Saudi Arabian government. > View segments of Iraq oil plans at www.GregPalast.com > <http://www.gregpalast.com/opeconthemarch.html> > Questioned by Newsnight, Ms Jaffe said the oil industry prefers state > control of Iraq’s oil over a sell-off because it fears a repeat of > Russia’s energy privatisation. In the wake of the collapse of the Soviet > Union, US oil companies were barred from bidding for the reserves. > Ms Jaffe says US oil companies are not warm to any plan that would > undermine Opec and the current high oil price: "I’m not sure that if I’m > the chair of an American company, and you put me on a lie detector test, > I would say high oil prices are bad for me or my company." > The former Shell oil boss agrees. In Houston, he told Newsnight: "Many > neo conservatives are people who have certain ideological beliefs about > markets, about democracy, about this, that and the other. International > oil companies, without exception, are very pragmatic commercial > organizations. They don’t have a theology." > A State Department spokesman told Newsnight they intended "to provide > all possibilities to the Oil Ministry of Iraq and advocate none". > Greg Palast’s film – the result of a joint investigation by Newsnight > and Harper’s Magazine – will be broadcast on Thursday, 17 March, 2005.

Response:

> He (Bush) qualified for Fighter Aircraft.

The it’s a damn shame he was too much of a chicken to serve in combat, isn’t it? Who knows? If he’d had some balls be might have gotten more medals than John Kerry. But we’ll never know.

Response:

>It was interesting when it came out that Bush`s SAT`s were HIGHER than >Kerry`s. He qualified for Fighter Aircraft. The testing for that requires >VERY bright people and most do NOT qualify, and no matter what connections >you have, you don`t get into Fighters unless you qualify.

He *barely* qualified — and I’ve known enough marginally intelligent military pilots not to be impressed by someone of Dumber’nyuh’s mediocre calibre.  More to the point, he got his Air Guard posting and his pricey, taxpayer-funded, wasted F-102 training by being bumped ahead of more qualified applicants.   Kerry, whatever his flaws, played by the rules and even requested hazardous duty. > "honest mistake" excuse? > Either way, you’re screwed > and rightly so. >1) It was only the belief of Russian, Italian, Jordanian, Egyptian, Israeli, >British, and American Intel at that time, and more, and more stories are >coming out by those that believe that WMD`s were there, and they were moved >to Lebanon thru Syria.

No it wasn’t — it was a widely held *suspicion* of *some* intell people in all those countries.  Only Dumber’nyuh and Toady Blair hyped up that very dubious suspicion into an imminent threat worthy of large-scale military intervention. >>1) For anyone that might be unaware, there are contengentcy plans at the >>Pentagon to attack virtually every nation on earth, and those are >>continually being updated. > What a comforting thought — > so many ways to screw things > up already on the shelf… >Whn the Pentagon plans the Left screams, but if the Military is caught with >it`s pants down, the Left still screams. Either you want us to be prepared, >or you want us to be victimized. Make up your mind…

If Iraq is an example of what’s on the shelf, there’s plenty to scream about — we’ve spent over 1,500 American lives and ruined many times that many to replace a toothless paper tiger of a hostile regime with a thinly veiled Shiite theocracy with close ties to people that are *far* more actively associated with terrorism than Saddam Hussein ever was.   One can only hope that the current ongoing and bloody failure of American "planning" isn’t typical! – Hide quoted text — Show quoted text ->>2) If we were the puppet masters of the new government in Iraq, the >>results >>would have been much different. > The election results were > manipulated — the Sistani > faction would have had a > solid majority if not for > counting irregularities by > the Allawi/U.S.-dominated > Election Commission, which > forced the Shiites to deal > with the Kurds.  Stay > tuned by all means! >I will.. >>The Iraqi`s have spoken, and they, like us, >>will end up with the government of their choice. > Do you really believe that > this administration would > allow Iraq to have a > Sh’aria-based constitution > establishing a de-facto > Islamic republic closely > aligned with Shiite Iran > to the east and a Shiite > faction in Lebanon, Syria, > and the Palestinian areas > to the west, the folks > known as "Hezbollah?" >Sistani`s already come out AGAINST turning Iraq into a Islamic Republic,   >but only time will tell…

Sistani is an astute operator — he won’t repeat Khomeini’s error of formally establishing the senior Shhite clergy as a government entity.  He’ll use the time-tested method employed by powerful clergymen in the west: the "power behind the throne" approach.  The Islamic Republic of Iraq will never be named as such, but it will enforce Sha’aria whenever practicable and it will have friendly relations with a defiantly nuclear Iraq and with an unrepentantly violent Hezbollah, and it will not be well disposed toward U.S. interests in the region.  Such is the price of arrogance, ineptitude, and cultural ignorance: American blood and treasure poured onto the ancient sands of Mesopotamia for no good reason and with no good result even remotely in sight. >See ya, >John

Right back atcha!        Posted via TITANnews – Uncensored Newsgroups Access              >>>> at http://www.TitanNews.com <<<< -=Every Newsgroup – Anonymous, UNCENSORED, BROADBAND Downloads=-

Response:

> He (Bush) qualified for Fighter Aircraft. > The it’s a damn shame he was too much of a chicken to serve in combat, > isn’t it? > Who knows? If he’d had some balls be might have gotten more medals than > John Kerry. But we’ll never know.

JOhn KErry lied cheated and worse to get those medals. you DON’T want to open THAT up again. paul arizona

Response:

> (P.S.  Don’t waste your time responding, unless you want to see your own > words.  I’m out of here….)

Yeah, right, again.

Response:

- Hide quoted text — Show quoted text ->> He (Bush) qualified for Fighter Aircraft. > The it’s a damn shame he was too much of a chicken to serve in combat, > isn’t it? > Who knows? If he’d had some balls be might have gotten more medals than > John Kerry. But we’ll never know. >JOhn KErry lied cheated and worse to get those medals. you DON’T want to >open THAT up again.

The U.S. Navy disagrees, after years of false accusations Kerry’s medals are still his.   End of story.        Posted via TITANnews – Uncensored Newsgroups Access              >>>> at http://www.TitanNews.com <<<< -=Every Newsgroup – Anonymous, UNCENSORED, BROADBAND Downloads=-

Response:

– Hide quoted text — Show quoted text ->> He (Bush) qualified for Fighter Aircraft. > The it’s a damn shame he was too much of a chicken to serve in combat, > isn’t it? > Who knows? If he’d had some balls be might have gotten more medals than > John Kerry. But we’ll never know. > JOhn KErry lied cheated and worse to get those medals. you DON’T want to > open THAT up again.

More bald-faced assertions.  Lies, actually.  Here’s a quote, and a link: " But in terms of the legitimacy of the awards, the Navy is saying they were legitmately awarded and properly approved. " http://64.233.187.104/search?q=cache:vQvf8iZkj-wJ:qando.net/archives/… Put that in your pipe and choke on it… __ Steve .

Response:

– Hide quoted text — Show quoted text ->> He (Bush) qualified for Fighter Aircraft. > The it’s a damn shame he was too much of a chicken to serve in combat, > isn’t it? > Who knows? If he’d had some balls be might have gotten more medals than > John Kerry. But we’ll never know. > JOhn KErry lied cheated and worse to get those medals. you DON’T want to > open THAT up again. > paul > arizona

Of course he does, he has nothing else to discuss. Lunatics do the same things over and over hoping for a differnt result. Thus goeth the political equivalent of week old dung, the DemocRAT PArty!

Response:

The real reason for war is to make the rich, richer.  The poor kids from the ghetto, barrio, and hills get killed and maimed. Object to war!

– Hide quoted text — Show quoted text -> Here it is folks…..this is why our sons and daughters are dying in a > far off land.  Quite simply, so that we can have access to a fuel that > will very likely run out in their own lifetimes, and maybe some of ours. > I know that makes me feel all warm and fuzzy, knowing my president LIED > to us again and again…in fact, he still has not come clean about the > *real* reason for the war. > Gee….what do you think would happen, if we spent the combined > resources of the war, on perfecting an alternate and renewable fuel, > instead of spilling blood over the last few drops of oil?  Hmmmmm???? > And then, when the oil does run out, we’ve perfected the new technology, > so we sell it to the world. > Golly…..that’s pretty liberal thinking, eh? > You idiots have no idea what is going on.  Most of you never will, either. > I pity you. > (P.S.  Don’t waste your time responding, unless you want to see your own > words.  I’m out of here….) > Secret US plans for Iraq’s oil > The Bush administration made plans for war and for Iraq’s oil before the > 9/11 attacks, sparking a policy battle between neo-cons and Big Oil, > BBC’s Newsnight has revealed. > Two years ago today – when President George Bush announced US, British > and Allied forces would begin to bomb Baghdad – protesters claimed the > US had a secret plan for Iraq’s oil once Saddam had been conquered. > In fact there were two conflicting plans, setting off a hidden policy > war between neo-conservatives at the Pentagon, on one side, versus a > combination of "Big Oil" executives and US State Department "pragmatists". > "Big Oil" appears to have won. The latest plan, obtained by Newsnight > from the US State Department was, we learned, drafted with the help of > American oil industry consultants. > Insiders told Newsnight that planning began "within weeks" of Bush’s > first taking office in 2001, long before the September 11th attack on > the US. > An Iraqi-born oil industry consultant, Falah Aljibury, says he took part > in the secret meetings in California, Washington and the Middle East. He > described a State Department plan for a forced coup d’etat. > Mr Aljibury himself told Newsnight that he interviewed potential > successors to Saddam Hussein on behalf of the Bush administration. > Secret sell-off plan > The industry-favoured plan was pushed aside by a secret plan, drafted > just before the invasion in 2003, which called for the sell-off of all > of Iraq’s oil fields. The new plan was crafted by neo-conservatives > intent on using Iraq’s oil to destroy the Opec cartel through massive > increases in production above Opec quotas. > The sell-off was given the green light in a secret meeting in London > headed by Ahmed Chalabi shortly after the US entered Baghdad, according > to Robert Ebel. > Mr Ebel, a former Energy and CIA oil analyst, now a fellow at the Center > for Strategic and International Studies in Washington, told Newsnight he > flew to the London meeting at the request of the State Department. > Mr Aljibury, once Ronald Reagan’s "back-channel" to Saddam, claims that > plans to sell off Iraq’s oil, pushed by the US-installed Governing > Council in 2003, helped instigate the insurgency and attacks on US and > British occupying forces. > "Insurgents used this, saying, ‘Look, you’re losing your country, you’re > losing your resources to a bunch of wealthy billionaires who want to > take you over and make your life miserable,’" said Mr Aljibury from his > home near San Francisco. > "We saw an increase in the bombing of oil facilities, pipelines, built > on the premise that privatisation is coming." > Privatisation blocked by industry > Philip Carroll, the former CEO of Shell Oil USA who took control of > Iraq’s oil production for the US Government a month after the invasion, > stalled the sell-off scheme. > Mr Carroll told us he made it clear to Paul Bremer, the US occupation > chief who arrived in Iraq in May 2003, that: "There was to be no > privatisation of Iraqi oil resources or facilities while I was involved." > Ariel Cohen, of the neo-conservative Heritage Foundation, told Newsnight > that an opportunity had been missed to privatise Iraq’s oil fields. > He advocated the plan as a means to help the US defeat Opec, and said > America should have gone ahead with what he called a "no-brainer" decision. > Mr Carroll hit back, telling Newsnight, "I would agree with that > statement. To privatize would be a no-brainer. It would only be thought > about by someone with no brain." > New plans, obtained from the State Department by Newsnight and Harper’s > Magazine under the US Freedom of Information Act, called for creation of > a state-owned oil company favoured by the US oil industry. It was > completed in January 2004 under the guidance of Amy Jaffe of the James > Baker Institute in Texas. > Formerly US Secretary of State, Baker is now an attorney representing > Exxon-Mobil and the Saudi Arabian government. > View segments of Iraq oil plans at www.GregPalast.com > <http://www.gregpalast.com/opeconthemarch.html> > Questioned by Newsnight, Ms Jaffe said the oil industry prefers state > control of Iraq’s oil over a sell-off because it fears a repeat of > Russia’s energy privatisation. In the wake of the collapse of the Soviet > Union, US oil companies were barred from bidding for the reserves. > Ms Jaffe says US oil companies are not warm to any plan that would > undermine Opec and the current high oil price: "I’m not sure that if I’m > the chair of an American company, and you put me on a lie detector test, > I would say high oil prices are bad for me or my company." > The former Shell oil boss agrees. In Houston, he told Newsnight: "Many > neo conservatives are people who have certain ideological beliefs about > markets, about democracy, about this, that and the other. International > oil companies, without exception, are very pragmatic commercial > organizations. They don’t have a theology." > A State Department spokesman told Newsnight they intended "to provide > all possibilities to the Oil Ministry of Iraq and advocate none". > Greg Palast’s film – the result of a joint investigation by Newsnight > and Harper’s Magazine – will be broadcast on Thursday, 17 March, 2005.

Response:

> JOhn KErry lied cheated and worse to get those medals.

You are a lying fuck.

Response:

> JOhn KErry lied cheated and worse to get those medals. > You are a lying fuck.

heh heh. more evidence that truth pisses you guys off. the reason it hurts, is because you know that its true. he lied to get the medals, and he then backstabbed his fellow GI’s who HAD served honorably. and you guys cant stand it. its a good day. paul American!

Response:

– Hide quoted text — Show quoted text -> >> He (Bush) qualified for Fighter Aircraft. > > The it’s a damn shame he was too much of a chicken to serve in combat, > > isn’t it? > > Who knows? If he’d had some balls be might have gotten more medals than > > John Kerry. But we’ll never know. > JOhn KErry lied cheated and worse to get those medals. you DON’T want to > open THAT up again. > More bald-faced assertions.  Lies, actually.  Here’s a quote, and a link: > " But in terms of the legitimacy of the awards, the Navy is saying they > were > legitmately awarded and properly approved. " > http://64.233.187.104/search?q=cache:vQvf8iZkj-wJ:qando.net/archives/… > Put that in your pipe and choke on it… > __ > Steve

you are pretty hung up on links. i clicked on yours and read what was said. (there was nothing about whether he EARNED them, only that they and been AWARDED in a proper manner). now lets see if you can do the same for me. click on the link and watch the videos. amazing stuff, but then you wont do that, because you are a typical liberal coward who only wants to attack, and not include any aspect of debate. now go and prove me wrong. http://www.swiftvetsandpows.com/swiftvetsandpows/ if you DO watch the videos, i would love to hear your opinion of your great hero then. post it here. dont choke on that pipe of yours there, steve. paul az

Response:

do i know you? i dont think so. oh well, the navy has profferred NO opinion as to whether JOhn KErry earned those medals or whether he lied to get them, and you know it. http://www.swiftvetsandpows.com/swiftvetsandpows/ watch the video’s, then go crawl back under your rock. the American people have already ruled on this issue. paul az

– Hide quoted text — Show quoted text ->>> He (Bush) qualified for Fighter Aircraft. >> The it’s a damn shame he was too much of a chicken to serve in combat, >> isn’t it? >> Who knows? If he’d had some balls be might have gotten more medals than >> John Kerry. But we’ll never know. >JOhn KErry lied cheated and worse to get those medals. you DON’T want to >open THAT up again. > The U.S. Navy disagrees, > after years of false > accusations Kerry’s > medals are still his. > End of story. >       Posted via TITANnews – Uncensored Newsgroups Access >             >>>> at http://www.TitanNews.com <<<< > -=Every Newsgroup – Anonymous, UNCENSORED, BROADBAND Downloads=-

Response:

> >> JOhn KErry lied cheated and worse to get those medals. > You are a lying fuck. > heh heh

Okay. You’re a laughing, lying fuck.

Response:

Thin film SOFC fuel cells

Question:

> >However, there seem to be a lot of manipulative press releases in this area, >exceeded only by the flurry of claims for cold fusion. > Speaking of which, we’re overdue for a "breakthrough in solar cell > technology", aren’t we?  It’s been nearly a month…  8*)

There you go: "Kyocera Announces World’s Most Efficient (15.7%) Solar Modules in Commercial Production" http://www.japancorp.net/Article.asp?Art_ID=8033

Response:

>However, there seem to be a lot of manipulative press releases in this area, >exceeded only by the flurry of claims for cold fusion.

Speaking of which, we’re overdue for a "breakthrough in solar cell technology", aren’t we?  It’s been nearly a month…  8*) — William Smith ComputerSmiths Consulting, Inc.    www.compusmiths.com

Response:

>However, there seem to be a lot of manipulative press releases in this area, >exceeded only by the flurry of claims for cold fusion. > Speaking of which, we’re overdue for a "breakthrough in solar cell > technology", aren’t we?  It’s been nearly a month…  8*)

What happened to the research in organic semiconductors? Ray

Response:

– Hide quoted text — Show quoted text -> > 2004/07/22: Eureka: ‘Cool’ fuel cells could revolutionize Earth’s > energy resources > > HOUSTON, July 22, 2004 – As temperatures soar this summer, so do > electric bills. Researchers at the > > University of Houston are striving toward decreasing those costs > with the next revolution in power > > generation. > > Imagine a power source so small, yet so efficient, that it could > make cumbersome power plants > > virtually obsolete while lowering your electric bill. A breakthrough > in thin film solid oxide fuel > > cells (SOFCs) is currently being refined in labs at the University > of Houston, making that dream a > > reality. > > [...] > > Compared to the macroscopic size of traditional fuel cells that can > take up an entire room, thin > > film SOFCs are one micron thick – the equivalent of about > one-hundredth of a human hair. Putting > > this into perspective, the size equivalent of four sugar cubes would > produce 80 watts – more than > > enough to operate a laptop computer, eliminating clunky batteries > and giving you hours more juice > > in your laptop. By the same token, approximately two cans’ worth of > soda would produce more than > > five kilowatts, enough to power a typical household. > > Keeping in mind that one thin film SOFC is just a fraction of the > size of a human hair with an > > output of 0.8 to 0.9 Volts, a stack of 100 to 120 of these fuel > cells would generate about 100 > > volts. When connected to a homeowner’s natural gas line, the stack > would provide the needed > > electrical energy to run the household at an efficiency of > approximately 65 percent. This would be > > a twofold increase over power plants today, as they operate at 30 to > 35 percent efficiency. > > [...] > > <http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2004-07/uoh-fc072204.php> > > <regards> > > -het > crap > Hmmm… > I have been wondering about this fuel cell.  I have seen lots of > promises made about various technologies, some of which come to pass, > and some of which end up going into the trash bin. > In my research, I’m going to note that John says "crap". > John, while researching the above claims (to which you answered ‘crap’), > have you found any info that might prove useful?  Specifically, I want > to know if there are any prototypes being tested, and if anyone has > estimated the date of availability. > Ray Drouillard

I think the article implies there is no actual device. As such, it seems to fall into the category of manipulative press releases. That said, I certainly do not rule out that this line of research will be productive. However, there seem to be a lot of manipulative press releases in this area, exceeded only by the flurry of claims for cold fusion.

Response:

– Hide quoted text — Show quoted text -> > > 2004/07/22: Eureka: ‘Cool’ fuel cells could revolutionize Earth’s > energy resources > > > HOUSTON, July 22, 2004 – As temperatures soar this summer, so do > electric bills. Researchers at the > > > University of Houston are striving toward decreasing those costs > with the next revolution in power > > > generation. > > > Imagine a power source so small, yet so efficient, that it could > make cumbersome power plants > > > virtually obsolete while lowering your electric bill. A breakthrough > in thin film solid oxide fuel > > > cells (SOFCs) is currently being refined in labs at the University > of Houston, making that dream a > > > reality. > > > [...] > > > Compared to the macroscopic size of traditional fuel cells that can > take up an entire room, thin > > > film SOFCs are one micron thick – the equivalent of about > one-hundredth of a human hair. Putting > > > this into perspective, the size equivalent of four sugar cubes would > produce 80 watts – more than > > > enough to operate a laptop computer, eliminating clunky batteries > and giving you hours more juice > > > in your laptop. By the same token, approximately two cans’ worth of > soda would produce more than > > > five kilowatts, enough to power a typical household. > > > Keeping in mind that one thin film SOFC is just a fraction of the > size of a human hair with an > > > output of 0.8 to 0.9 Volts, a stack of 100 to 120 of these fuel > cells would generate about 100 > > > volts. When connected to a homeowner’s natural gas line, the stack > would provide the needed > > > electrical energy to run the household at an efficiency of > approximately 65 percent. This would be > > > a twofold increase over power plants today, as they operate at 30 to > 35 percent efficiency. > > > [...]

<http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2004-07/uoh-fc072204.php> – Hide quoted text — Show quoted text -> > > <regards> > > > -het > > crap > Hmmm… > I have been wondering about this fuel cell.  I have seen lots of > promises made about various technologies, some of which come to pass, > and some of which end up going into the trash bin. > In my research, I’m going to note that John says "crap". > John, while researching the above claims (to which you answered ‘crap’), > have you found any info that might prove useful?  Specifically, I want > to know if there are any prototypes being tested, and if anyone has > estimated the date of availability. > Ray Drouillard > I think the article implies there is no actual device. > As such, it seems to fall into the category of manipulative press releases. > That said, I certainly do not rule out that this line of research will be > productive. > However, there seem to be a lot of manipulative press releases in this area, > exceeded only by the flurry of claims for cold fusion.

Thank you.  I was wondering if that was the case. Ray

Response:

- Hide quoted text — Show quoted text – > 2004/07/22: Eureka: ‘Cool’ fuel cells could revolutionize Earth’s energy resources > HOUSTON, July 22, 2004

Looking to Buy Low-Speed Alternator

Question:

I would like to buy a low-speed alternator (~60 rpm). I believe there is a company that manufactures wind turbines that makes them, but I don’t think they will sell the alternator alone. Is there a source where I can buy an alternator by itself?

Response:

What output voltage, frequency, current are you looking for? What is your application?    >Newsgroups: alt.energy.renewable    >I would like to buy a low-speed alternator (~60 rpm).    >I believe there is a company that manufactures wind    >turbines that makes them, but I don’t think they will    >sell the alternator alone.    >Is there a source where I can buy an alternator by itself? Tom Willmon Mountainair, (mid) New Mexico, USA Net-Tamer V 1.12.0 – Registered

Response:

120 v. would be nice, but not necessary. 60 Hz would be nice, but not necessary since mechanical input will be variable, 1 to 5 kW.

– Hide quoted text — Show quoted text -> What output voltage, frequency, current are you looking for? > What is your application? >    >Newsgroups: alt.energy.renewable >    >I would like to buy a low-speed alternator (~60 rpm). >    >I believe there is a company that manufactures wind >    >turbines that makes them, but I don’t think they will >    >sell the alternator alone. >    >Is there a source where I can buy an alternator by itself? > Tom Willmon > Mountainair, (mid) New Mexico, USA > Net-Tamer V 1.12.0 – Registered

Response:

Hello: 60Hz, 60rpm means 60 pairs of poles,

economics of oil when it depletes

Question:

> We produce hydrogen very cheaply from air and sunlight. > We obtain water by cryogenic distillation of it from the air.  We > break out the Hydrogen and use it to scrub the atmosphere of > CO2 and produce synthetic natural as a by product – at a cost of > about $2 per mcf.  We can take any part of this synthetic natural > gas and produce oil at a cost of about $12 per barrel equivalent.

Sorry I just saw this, I have long been trying to find a cheap CO2 feedstock for the creation of synthetic fuels in off shore applications where electricity transmission costs are prohibitive. Anyway, I was finding that biomass was about the cheapest and most effective way of scrubbing CO2 from the atmosphere, have you found a cheaper, easier and more direct alternative?  Might I ask, how you scrub CO2 from the atmosphere using hydrogen in a cost effective manner? My basic calculations on the distillation of CO2 from air found the energy cost of extracting the CO2 from the air using such techniques was a major proportion of the energy content of the fuel itself.  Assuming a very inexpensive supply of electricity this might be sustainable, however the capital cost of this equipment was probably going to be greater than that of all the power generating equipment combined.  The cross sectional area of the intake for the CO2 extraction equipment was, (in proportion to mass flow), very large, hence my further doubtfulness of the practicality of various chemical CO2 scrubbers in large scale applications. I was left with alternatives of energy transmission via LH2, and using biomass as a carbon source for synthetic fuels.  LH2 might entail very large cylindrical tanks either towed across the water surface like a train or flown directly by air, actually flying worked out quite well due to much faster turn around, lower boil off rates, etc.  The biomass approach might entail the shipment of sewage, agricultural, forestry waste, etc., to the energy production site where it might be sent through the "anything to oil" process, with added energy greatly increasing output.  I was even exploring kelp farming as a source of biomass, or perhaps the effluent of cows that ate it.  Another possibility was to burn the biomass in a power plant, (or indeed any fossil fuel power plant), and distill the CO2 from the exhaust.  Because exhaust CO2 concentrations are orders of magnitude higher than the atmosphere this might actually be economic, though this would require the large scale transportation of LCO2. Pete.

Response:

- Hide quoted text — Show quoted text -> We produce hydrogen very cheaply from air and sunlight. > We obtain water by cryogenic distillation of it from the air.  We > break out the Hydrogen and use it to scrub the atmosphere of > CO2 and produce synthetic natural as a by product – at a cost of > about $2 per mcf.  We can take any part of this synthetic natural > gas and produce oil at a cost of about $12 per barrel equivalent. > Sorry I just saw this, I have long been trying to find a cheap CO2 > feedstock for the creation of synthetic fuels in off shore applications > where electricity transmission costs are prohibitive. > Anyway, I was finding that biomass was about the cheapest and most > effective way of scrubbing CO2 from the atmosphere, have you found a > cheaper, easier and more direct alternative?  Might I ask, how you scrub > CO2 from the atmosphere using hydrogen in a cost effective manner? > My basic calculations on the distillation of CO2 from air found the > energy cost of extracting the CO2 from the air using such techniques was > a major proportion of the energy content of the fuel itself.  

Distillation? of 0.04 mole percent? Gah. http://www.lanl.gov/worldview/news/releases/archive/02-028.shtml Also my http://www.eagle.ca/~gcowan/boron_blast.html#RiskReduction — Graham Cowan http://www.eagle.ca/~gcowan/Paper_for_11th_CHC.doc — fireproof fuel, real-car range, no emissions

Response:

– Hide quoted text — Show quoted text -> > We obtain water by cryogenic distillation of it from the air. > Is this a new idea? Whence the cryogenics? > New to this group, yes.  But understand I

Comparative costs

Question:

How are true costs for different energy sources produced? I see that some simple costs per energy unit are given out freely, but these is useless when looking for a new energy source. What way are the costs for say the building of an energy supplying unit, plus the costs for maintenance, plus (especially for nuclear) the decommissioning and the return of the site to a proper condition, the costs of disposing of the waste products, etc. all produced in a useful way? Another point I have read about recently is the analysis of the source of energy, where it is variable. I understand that an electricity supply system has a limit to it’s capability for accepting a variable supply. Considering supplies such as wind or tidal or wave power, these variables could contribute to a high variability at times when they were all supplying. So if they all have controls to make them idle, then how can the performance of such supplies be costed, since they may be standing idle at times? And to what are the costs applied, if say one source is not variable easily, and the better variability of other sources are utilised first? What are the views on actual costs for renewables, and how are the UK’s plans for massive offshore windmills viewed? Helios

Response:

> I don’t know if that’s helpful to you, but it isn’t entirely clear to me > what you’re looking for….

Thanks,that was what I was looking for. There is a problem in the pipeline where Western countries are going to have to find other sources of power – fast. The oil is running out. Whether they go for nuclear or other sources will depend upon costs – real costs that can be compared with one another. Helios

Response:

Why not tap the energy in volcanoes

Question:

Great job Randy. But melting is not the only way to dissolve the pipe. I know a lot of metals, if hot enough anyway, can be attacked by the kind of mixture of super heated scud in the lava. The same sort of reason that glasses melt at temperatures way below the melting point of silicon oxide. So it would take some research to be sure that one would actually survive immersion in lava.

… – Hide quoted text — Show quoted text -> A *really* quick google search for "magma temperature" > turns up temperature estimates from 700 – 1300 C. > More googling tells me that 15% platinum-iridium > melts at 1821 C, osmium at 2700 C, molybdenum at > 2625 C, titanium at 1664 C. > I don’t know about the strength of all of those or > their suitability for making into pipe, but it’s > at least plausible that you could stick a metal pipe > into magma without it melting. Moly sounds like a > potential choice for instance. Isn’t moly already > used for extra-strong machine parts? > Of course, even your materials that don’t melt might > get kind of gooey at these temperatures. >         – Randy

Response:

> Do all rocks melt at the same temperature?

Volcanic magma is highly variable in temperature. It can also be moving with considerable velocity, and accompanied by nasty solid projectiles. I doubt anything could survive even a modest eruption, no matter what it was made out of.

Response:

(irrelevant newsgroups deleted) > Its also not renewable. You can only extract the heat once. (well, the > supply does *slowly* replenish via radioactive decay, but thats > probably not relevant at human timescales.)

Uh no, the heat creeps back from the hot magma below. Radioactive decay is the engine that drives the entire heat reservoir of the earth, but is not relevant locally. The rate at which heat transfer occurs depends entirely on the structure you are dealing with. Of course, if there is flowing magma in the vicinity there will be greater heat transfer, but also greater danger of an eruption. The best geothermal sources are where you have water circulating down from the surface, contacting the magma and boiling back up (such as in Yellowstone Park). But these are rare situations, particularly stable ones.

Response:

> What about asbestos , or that new industructible material > starlite demonstrated on Tomorrow’s world

Volcanic magma is molten rock. Asbestos is rock fibre. Why don’t you get a little bit of basic scientific knowledge before posting?

Response:

>> What about asbestos , or that new industructible material > starlite demonstrated on Tomorrow’s world >Volcanic magma is molten rock. Asbestos is rock fibre. Why don’t you get a >little bit of basic scientific knowledge before posting?

Do all rocks melt at the same temperature? — "Is that plutonium on your gums?" "Shut up and kiss me!"   — Marge and Homer Simpson

Response:

        Why not the stuff the Russians used for the space landing on Venus 400c Volcanic magma is molten rock. Asbestos is rock fibre. Why don’t you get a little bit of basic scientific knowledge before posting?

Response:

> What about asbestos , or that new industructible material > starlite demonstrated on Tomorrow’s world > Volcanic magma is molten rock. Asbestos is rock fibre. Why don’t you get a > little bit of basic scientific knowledge before posting?

Asbestose’s meting point varies depending on the type. 1,200 to 1,500 degrees C is about right. Some magmas will melt some asbestose. Claims for Starlite include resisting 10,000 degrees C. Regardless, if you pump significant amounts of water into a magma pocket, it will solidify the magma around the pipe. Karl Johanson

Response:

> (irrelevant newsgroups deleted) > Its also not renewable. You can only extract the heat once. (well, the > supply does *slowly* replenish via radioactive decay, but thats > probably not relevant at human timescales.) > Uh no, the heat creeps back from the hot magma below.

Correct, but the heat is non-renewable. Once used it cannot be reused. Now how fast will it collect back in? Shall we look at thermal conductivity?      http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/thermo/heatra.html Assuming that you had a magma repository at 1000c seperated by 10 meters of aluminum with ice at 0C on the other side, what would the thermal conductivity be? Well, if it is aluminum, 200 W/K/m. (Silver is twice this). This is only 20kW/M^2. Average continental heat flow is .06W/m^2. To equal one nuclear ractor (good for about 3GW of heat, 1GW of generation), it would need to have a surface area in excess of 600,000 m^2, or most of a square kilometer. Now lets look at energy density of that magma. If heat were extracted at a rate of 3GW, then [http://www.geo.ua.edu/volcanology/lecture_notes_files/additional_phys...] about 3 tons of magma would have to be solidified and cooled to 0C each and every second. So each year, 30e6 seconds, about a hundred million tons of rock would be cooled to uselessness. This is enough to cool the 600,000 square meter patch from 1000C to 0C to a depth of 40 meters, in one year. Thats to generate as much electrical power as one single nuclear reactor. Thats not exactly renewable, and unless the flow rate is at least 40m/year, the heat won’t creep back in at anywhere near that rate. Nor would it take that long to for 10GW of electrical generation (about 3% of US electrical generation) to cool a 10km^3 resivor; about 25 years. Geothermal is alternative, but is by no means renewable; although its fuel supplies may be larger. Also above I give the constraints of *physics* on the system, not of engineering. Scott

Response:

> >> What about asbestos , or that new industructible material >> starlite demonstrated on Tomorrow’s world >Volcanic magma is molten rock. Asbestos is rock fibre. Why don’t you get a >little bit of basic scientific knowledge before posting? > Do all rocks melt at the same temperature?

A *really* quick google search for "magma temperature" turns up temperature estimates from 700 – 1300 C. More googling tells me that 15% platinum-iridium melts at 1821 C, osmium at 2700 C, molybdenum at 2625 C, titanium at 1664 C. I don’t know about the strength of all of those or their suitability for making into pipe, but it’s at least plausible that you could stick a metal pipe into magma without it melting. Moly sounds like a potential choice for instance. Isn’t moly already used for extra-strong machine parts? Of course, even your materials that don’t melt might get kind of gooey at these temperatures.         – Randy

Response:

– Hide quoted text — Show quoted text -> >> What about asbestos , or that new industructible material > >> starlite demonstrated on Tomorrow’s world > >Volcanic magma is molten rock. Asbestos is rock fibre. Why don’t you get a > >little bit of basic scientific knowledge before posting? > Do all rocks melt at the same temperature? >A *really* quick google search for "magma temperature" >turns up temperature estimates from 700 – 1300 C. >More googling tells me that 15% platinum-iridium >melts at 1821 C, osmium at 2700 C, molybdenum at >2625 C, titanium at 1664 C. >I don’t know about the strength of all of those or >their suitability for making into pipe, but it’s >at least plausible that you could stick a metal pipe >into magma without it melting. Moly sounds like a >potential choice for instance. Isn’t moly already >used for extra-strong machine parts? >Of course, even your materials that don’t melt might >get kind of gooey at these temperatures.

Or dissolve.  Carbon has a high melting point, but I’m sure that would dissolve right into molten iron, at least. But a coolant might be circulated inside the walls of the pipe. — "Is that plutonium on your gums?" "Shut up and kiss me!"   — Marge and Homer Simpson

Response:

- Hide quoted text — Show quoted text – > (irrelevant newsgroups deleted) > Its also not renewable. You can only extract the heat once. (well, the > supply does *slowly* replenish via radioactive decay, but thats > probably not relevant at human timescales.) > Uh no, the heat creeps back from the hot magma below. Radioactive decay is > the engine that drives the entire heat reservoir of the earth, but is not > relevant locally. > The rate at which heat transfer occurs depends entirely on the structure you > are dealing with. Of course, if there is flowing magma in the vicinity there > will be greater heat transfer, but also greater danger of an eruption. > The best geothermal sources are where you have water circulating down from > the surface, contacting the magma and boiling back up (such as in > Yellowstone Park). But these are rare situations, particularly stable ones.

Geothermal power is nothing new.  In iceland they have been doing it for years, and Scott was right. Before they locate and construct a plant, they evaluate the site for:  low probability of further violent activity,  total expected energy availible,  best method of extraction,  best rate of extraction.  They do not locate in still active areas for obvious reasons.

Response:

… > Regardless, if you pump significant amounts of water into a magma pocket, it > will solidify the magma around the pipe.

Not sure I agree with that. First off, that can be one absolutely huge flow. Second the pump rate needed is a function of the magma characteristics and it’s convection rates. Third, the moving magma exerts very large forces on the little pipe and it’s great sail of partly solidified rock. You would have to do some slick work to punch/drill/melt a hole in the wall of this chamber, while at the same time cooling the pipe fast enough to keep the magma from dissolving it right away. You may be right that it can be done, but I think it is no easy process.

Response:

Good analysis, but I think you missed two factors. First, I think that a number of areas over these hot spots have layers of permeable broken rock that can be used as very large heat transfer regions. So a few square KM of collection area is not always impractical. Second, I am not so sure of how it affects your evaluation, but many of the hot spots come from friction in the subduction zones. This friction generates heat in the immediate region of the magma, so it doesn’t have to flow anywhere. In fact, if we cooled the magma to solidity, we would probably increase the rate of heating, since that is what caused it to reach molten in this area anyway. – Hide quoted text — Show quoted text -> (irrelevant newsgroups deleted) > > Its also not renewable. You can only extract the heat once. (well, the > > supply does *slowly* replenish via radioactive decay, but thats > > probably not relevant at human timescales.) > Uh no, the heat creeps back from the hot magma below. > Correct, but the heat is non-renewable. Once used it cannot be reused. > Now how fast will it collect back in? > Shall we look at thermal conductivity? >      http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/thermo/heatra.html > Assuming that you had a magma repository at 1000c seperated by 10 > meters of aluminum with ice at 0C on the other side, what would the > thermal conductivity be? Well, if it is aluminum, 200 W/K/m. (Silver > is twice this). This is only 20kW/M^2. Average continental heat flow > is .06W/m^2. To equal one nuclear ractor (good for about 3GW of heat, > 1GW of generation), it would need to have a surface area in excess of > 600,000 m^2, or most of a square kilometer. > Now lets look at energy density of that magma. > If heat were extracted at a rate of 3GW, then

[http://www.geo.ua.edu/volcanology/lecture_notes_files/additional_phys... rop.html] – Hide quoted text — Show quoted text -> about 3 tons of magma would have to be solidified and cooled to 0C > each and every second. So each year, 30e6 seconds, about a hundred > million tons of rock would be cooled to uselessness. This is enough to > cool the 600,000 square meter patch from 1000C to 0C to a depth of 40 > meters, in one year. Thats to generate as much electrical power as one > single nuclear reactor. > Thats not exactly renewable, and unless the flow rate is at least > 40m/year, the heat won’t creep back in at anywhere near that rate. Nor > would it take that long to for 10GW of electrical generation (about 3% > of US electrical generation) to cool a 10km^3 resivor; about 25 years. > Geothermal is alternative, but is by no means renewable; although its > fuel supplies may be larger. Also above I give the constraints of > *physics* on the system, not of engineering. > Scott

Response:

        The magma chamber tens of miles wide is only 2km below , so why not tap it and supply Italy with all the power it needs . Water sent cascading down in a pipe will come back up as superheated steam. scientific american jul 03

Response:

        The huge magma chamber of MT Etna is only 2km from the surface. Some South African gold mines are more than ten km deep

Response:

Unfortunately, if you contact the magma chamber directly, the pipe will also come rushing back up the pipe as molten metal.

– Hide quoted text — Show quoted text -> The magma chamber tens of miles wide is only 2km below , so > why not tap it and supply Italy with all the power it needs . Water > sent cascading down in a pipe will come back up as superheated steam. > scientific american jul 03

Response:

> The magma chamber tens of miles wide is only 2km below , so > why not tap it and supply Italy with all the power it needs . Water > sent cascading down in a pipe will come back up as superheated steam. > scientific american jul 03

That’s geothermal energy and it is tapped. Unfortunately there are issues of pollution, hydrogen sulphide, sulphur dioxide and other noxious substances in the steam. Foul water needs to be handled and desposed of. There are extreme corrosion problems because of the acidity of the fluids and dissolved solids like calcium and magnesium carbonate and sulphate, silica, and other minerals foul and plug pipes and erode turbine blades. There’s lots of energy but it is a bitch to handle. It’s much easier to burn oil or coal. Icon

Response:

> The magma chamber tens of miles wide is only 2km below , so > why not tap it and supply Italy with all the power it needs . Water > sent cascading down in a pipe will come back up as superheated steam. > scientific american jul 03 > That’s geothermal energy and it is tapped. Unfortunately there are issues of > pollution, hydrogen sulphide, sulphur dioxide and other noxious substances > in the steam.

Including radioactives. I think the amounts of radioactive materials are trivial, but their more significant than the releases from nuclear. – Hide quoted text — Show quoted text ->Foul water needs to be handled and desposed of. There are > extreme corrosion problems because of the acidity of the fluids and > dissolved solids like calcium and magnesium carbonate and sulphate, silica, > and other minerals foul and plug pipes and erode turbine blades. There’s > lots of energy but it is a bitch to handle. It’s much easier to burn oil or > coal. > Icon

Response:

You can tap the energy of a volcano far away from the lava but still at temperatures hot enough to power a turbine by drilling into the rock.  A company in Hawaii has already built a unit which has a water chamber and turbine and can be drilled into the rock, allowing the heat to boil the water out and drive the turbine.  There are still problems with this technology, but companies have been using geothermal energy from deep in the earth to generate electricity for a long time.  http://www.eere.energy.gov/geothermal/geoelectprod.html

Response:

        The huge magma chamber of MT Etna is only 2km from the surface. Some South African gold mines are more than ten km deep

Response:

        What about asbestos , or that new industructible material starlite demonstrated on Tomorrow’s world

Unfortunately, if you contact the magma chamber directly, the pipe will also come rushing back up the pipe as molten metal.

Response:

>    The magma chamber tens of miles wide is only 2km below , so > why not tap it and supply Italy with all the power it needs . Water > sent cascading down in a pipe will come back up as superheated steam.

Here’s something to puzzle out:    What is the potential Joules (of heat) in a cubic km of lava? Assume that about 30% of the heat energy will be turned into electricity, now compare that to the yearly electrical energy needs of an industrialized country. Its surpisingly low, and such a calculation only takes 20 minutes to estimate. I did it once on a post here 6-8 months ago. You repeat the work and tell me the longest such a supply of magma would last. This is a sci.* newsgroup, I’m sure you can answer this question. For a look at the pressent, worldwide installed capacity is about 8.1GW[1], with about a third in the United States. I’ve not found numbers about actual generation, but [2] claims that 1000 EJ is available. (1EJ = 10^18 J) Running the numbers however, 1000 EJ is only enough to run the US’s yearly electrical use of 3.6 T kW*h for 77 years. The 80,000 MW of installed capacity they talk about being realistic, worldwide, is about 1/4 the US’s electrical usage. An interesting idea, but doesn’t scale to be a foundation of the world. Lets look at a hypothetical electrical ‘green’ energy policy for the USA for 2020: % of electrial production by source.   7%  Hydroelectric. (current generation)  25%  Geothermal. (worldwide *potential* generation)  12%  Wind. (25x current, from AWEA assuming an ‘really aggressive policy’) [3]  55%  Magical fairies produce it? That other >55% can only come from either uranium or coal. I’d rather it not be coal; burning a billion tons a year doesn’t seem right. Scott [1] http://geoheat.oit.edu/pdf/powergen.pdf [2] http://www.bgr.de/b1hydro/index.html?/b1hydro/fachbeitraege/a199801/e… [3] http://greennature.com/article98.html

Response:

> The magma chamber tens of miles wide is only 2km below , so > why not tap it and supply Italy with all the power it needs . Water > sent cascading down in a pipe will come back up as superheated steam.

Iceland does that already, in a way. You can’t get too close to an actual volcano, because it will sooner or later destroy your installation in a very spectacular fashion. However, in a volcanic area there are often more stable hot-spots near the surface which can be tapped in more reliable fashion. Look up the information available on the Web on Icelandic ground heat power and building heat production. There are lots of interesting sites in English. In general, one problem is that rock is not a very good transmitter of heat. So one can exhaust the heat in a spot fairly quickly if it is extracted too quickly.

Response:

> In general, one problem is that rock is not a very good transmitter of heat. > So one can exhaust the heat in a spot fairly quickly if it is extracted too > quickly.

Its also not renewable. You can only extract the heat once. (well, the supply does *slowly* replenish via radioactive decay, but thats probably not relevant at human timescales.) A few weeks ago someone claimed (without citation) that in california, some geothermal plants are already down to 50% of the production they had 30 years ago. Scott

Response:

> > In general, one problem is that rock is not a very good transmitter of heat. > So one can exhaust the heat in a spot fairly quickly if it is extracted too > quickly. > Its also not renewable. You can only extract the heat once. (well, the > supply does *slowly* replenish via radioactive decay, but thats > probably not relevant at human timescales.)

We use hot water here in Iceland, the water circulates through the hot areas in the ground and is thus renewable. – Hide quoted text — Show quoted text -> A few weeks ago someone claimed (without citation) that in california, > some geothermal plants are already down to 50% of the production they > had 30 years ago. > Scott

Response:

Analyses of the California electricity crisis

Question:

> The river/water control agency is not doing its job…..happened here in > Texas. > By proper management the regulatory agency can stage rain/snow runoff.

Ah…. respectfully… NO. Considering the amount of increase due to spring runoff and the limited storage behind these dams on small rivers around here, it just isn’t feasible to not spill water.  To ’stage’ the water as you suggest, would displace many people along the river by raising water levels many feet in the spring.  And the variance would stop navigation for a while.  The best course they have is to simply let it run to the Great Lakes.  But even those large bodies have an annual swing of water level that is measured in feet. It’s just somewhat disheartening to see all that hydro power go to waste ;-) > Ironic in that you can sue businesses ,but not government for

mismanagement. Because they (state barge canal authority) didn’t let water run fast enough two years ago, there were several homes flooded on one of the smaller feeder-lakes.  They did sue the state for damages, made all the papers, but not sure how it turned out. daestrom

Response:

> The river/water control agency is not doing its job…..happened here in > Texas. > By proper management the regulatory agency can stage rain/snow runoff.

Ideally -Yes. In practice they try but nature may not co-operate as it is beyond the control of the regualtory agency. Sometimes spilling is necessary due to various factors as Daestrom has indicated. Also, in these days of de-regulation, does the utility have a good knowledge of its future load so it can draw down the hydro storage, or do the converse in consideration of their best crystal ball gazing. However, you do hit upon a valid point- the government regulatory bodies may, in fact, be quite deficient in the knowledge required to control a hydro (or any other utility system). The rest of your points do touch on real issues but don’t blame the vagaries of nature on the utilities or the government.   As to aquafers- it is not the government that is to blame except that the government gives in to the demands upon it. We cannot expect, particularly in the SW USA to continually suck water out of the aquifers and spray it in the air or on "Kentucky Blue" grass in Texas.  Put a real cost on the water and you would see a change in water usage -i.e. put the least amount of water where it will do the most good rather than throw it in the air to evaporate. — Don Kelly remove the urine to answer – Hide quoted text — Show quoted text -> Ironic in that you can sue businesses ,but not government for mismanagement. > They improved after numerous homes were lost and a few people died in the > water runoff floods. > Ironic also,in that the river bordering Mexico(Rio Grande) does not run to > sea, anymore. > And hasn’t for years because of Mexico & US cities growth over the years in > that area. > City government in that area has some form of divine destiny.That says > individuals plan > growth not cities and if anything happens it is not their fault that a > farmer can’t water his cattle > anymore.Because aquaifier has fallen yards below what it was 30 years ago.

Response:

– Hide quoted text — Show quoted text -> > > Okay. > > > After the meandering on this thread, what lessons does > > > anyone feel the recent California experience teaches > > > regarding the prospects for social and environmental > > > good coming out of an increased reliance on renewable > > > energy? > >     The lesson I got from it all was that the people who put together > the > > sytem for deregulation in California are a bunch of chowderheads. They > > created a system which decoupled production and transmission of > electricity, > > allowed producers to charge basically whatever they wanted, but > "protected" > > the consumer by limiting what the transmission companies (local > utilities) > > could charge retail customers. When the local utilities found themselves > in > > the poition of having to pay more for the product than they could > charge, > > the obvious happened. > >     Other factors of course  enter in, such as a dry year, and the > > dismantling of hydro power dams in favor of white water rafting, > creating a > > condition that required importing much more power than usual from > > out-of-state.  A lot more has already been said, and I have no doubt > more > > yet will be said. Essentially, though, the above paragraph covers the > > situation. > > brian > The lesson anyone should learn is that there is no way that a private > company > can produce power cheaper than a public utility that is operated > effectively. > The private company is only accountable to it’s share holders and must > turn a > profit, the public owned utility only has to produce at cost plus > expenses. Our > local public utility for over 50 years ran things perfectly and had a > substantial cushion for emergencies, when we forced to sell it to a > private > company by the Ontario government it all went to shit with the company > needing > to borrow money from the city to remain operating less than a year later. > Deregulation is not the answer, effective management in a public utility > is. > Mike Wilcox > The key is "operated effectively" This may be true in some cases but often > is not. Alberta (Canada)before de-regulation had the bulk of its power > generated by private companies. These were subject to a regualtory board and > any rate increases proposed were carefully scrutinised and in some > situations rate decreases were ordered. The utilities ran a tight ship. They > made a profit, true but the margin was much smaller than the margin at your > local supermarket or such places as Futureshop-yet the shareholders were > happy. In addition, long term planning and coordination between utilities > provided a basis for rational expansion of facilities. Management included a > strong contingent of engineers who were familiar with the system and tried > hard to supply the customers with reliable energy at as low a cost as was > feasible. The major public utility did not come under the same regulations > and did not do nearly as good a job of managing resources. Where the private > utility chose to put money into control and data-logging, the public utility > made sure that the front entrance to their "show" plant would look good. BC > (Canada)has a public system which, in the past, has been run well. It is now > being castrated for political rather than functional  purposes. > Possibly the key to a good public utility is to have it subject to the same > regulations and taxes that a private utility faces and, more importantly, > keep the politicians and bureaucrats at arms length from the management. > De-regulation as it has been applied in Alberta as well as in California, > simply ignored the engineering principles that built the strength of > integrated utilities. Short term gain is now more important than long term > planning. No utility has a solid customer base so the option of putting in > plant which is not initially cheap and quick is not viable- the customer > loses. > Nuff said -out of steam > — > Don Kelly > remove the urine to answer

Well said….add in the variable that government mandated an increase in power usage with EV’s and at the same time 40 years of  limited construction more severely than the rest of the US. KIlled natural gas production so it is piped in at a higher cost…and countless other goofs in government management. – Hide quoted text — Show quoted text –

Response:

– Hide quoted text — Show quoted text -> > > Spilling in time of oversupply is *not* new, nor is it to drive up > prices. > > > You see a hydro spilling water and jump to all sorts of > unsubstantiated > > > conclusions.  Do a little research into what factors are involved in > > running > > > a hydro system (on a running river or large reservoir, it’s > different). > > > You’ll find they’ve had to ’spill’ water for a variety of reasons for > as > > > long as they’ve been using hydro.  You just noticed it this spring and > > think > > > it’s some sort of conspiracy to raise prices. > > > To list a few: > > > 1) Reservoir over expected level for season.  Predictions of further > > > increases will raise water to dangerous level. > > > 2) Downstream economy/ecology must have more water than is possible > > > otherwise (navigable waterways too low, irrigation needs, etc…) > > > 3) Turbines already running at capacity and no more storage available. > > > 4) Upstream land is being flooded. > > > 5) Series of hydro systems on river, when upstream unit trips (for > variety > > > of reasons), the downstream are signalled in preparation for ’slug’ of > > water > > > coming down river. > > > 6) Equipment maintenance/failure. > > > Believe it or not, hydro operators have to answer to many more folks > than > > > just the energy community. > > > daestrom > > If you want to see plant operators cry- just watch them when they have > to > > spill (particular item 3  which is very common)- it is literally money > being > > flushed down the stream. > Another frustration is here on a river, we have about 5 dams with hydro, > all > in series.  During spring melt, or exceptionally wet weather (like we’ve > had > this year), the excess water spills over the top of the dam.  So the > heighth > of the dam fixes the max water level for the inlet.  But the excessive > flow > rate means that the level at the base of the dam is higher than normal > (level rises till flow down to next dam matches flow from upstream). This > raises the tail-race level and actually *reduces* hydro-turbine output!!! > Excess water during spring, flow out the wazoo, and plant output goes down > :-( > daestrom > – > Seen this in where, on the Saguenay river, the plant inflow was about > 50,000cfs, spillage was between 100,000  and 200,000 cfs and tailrace level > was about 15 ft above normal. Somewhere I still have pictures of this. Up on > the Lac St. John, the main reservoir of the system, the farmers have their > own gauges and are eager to sue if the water level is too high. > — > Don Kelly > remove the urine to answer

The river/water control agency is not doing its job…..happened here in Texas. By proper management the regulatory agency can stage rain/snow runoff. Ironic in that you can sue businesses ,but not government for mismanagement. They improved after numerous homes were lost and a few people died in the water runoff floods. Ironic also,in that the river bordering Mexico(Rio Grande) does not run to sea, anymore. And hasn’t for years because of Mexico & US cities growth over the years in that area. City government in that area has some form of divine destiny.That says individuals plan growth not cities and if anything happens it is not their fault that a farmer can’t water his cattle anymore.Because aquaifier has fallen yards below what it was 30 years ago. – Hide quoted text — Show quoted text –

Response:

– Hide quoted text — Show quoted text -> > Okay. > > After the meandering on this thread, what lessons does > > anyone feel the recent California experience teaches > > regarding the prospects for social and environmental > > good coming out of an increased reliance on renewable > > energy? >     The lesson I got from it all was that the people who put together the > sytem for deregulation in California are a bunch of chowderheads. They > created a system which decoupled production and transmission of electricity, > allowed producers to charge basically whatever they wanted, but "protected" > the consumer by limiting what the transmission companies (local utilities) > could charge retail customers. When the local utilities found themselves in > the poition of having to pay more for the product than they could charge, > the obvious happened. >     Other factors of course  enter in, such as a dry year, and the > dismantling of hydro power dams in favor of white water rafting, creating a > condition that required importing much more power than usual from > out-of-state.  A lot more has already been said, and I have no doubt more > yet will be said. Essentially, though, the above paragraph covers the > situation. > brian > The lesson anyone should learn is that there is no way that a private company > can produce power cheaper than a public utility that is operated effectively. > The private company is only accountable to it’s share holders and must turn a > profit, the public owned utility only has to produce at cost plus expenses. Our > local public utility for over 50 years ran things perfectly and had a > substantial cushion for emergencies, when we forced to sell it to a private > company by the Ontario government it all went to shit with the company needing > to borrow money from the city to remain operating less than a year later. > Deregulation is not the answer, effective management in a public utility is. > Mike Wilcox

The key is "operated effectively" This may be true in some cases but often is not. Alberta (Canada)before de-regulation had the bulk of its power generated by private companies. These were subject to a regualtory board and any rate increases proposed were carefully scrutinised and in some situations rate decreases were ordered. The utilities ran a tight ship. They made a profit, true but the margin was much smaller than the margin at your local supermarket or such places as Futureshop-yet the shareholders were happy. In addition, long term planning and coordination between utilities provided a basis for rational expansion of facilities. Management included a strong contingent of engineers who were familiar with the system and tried hard to supply the customers with reliable energy at as low a cost as was feasible. The major public utility did not come under the same regulations and did not do nearly as good a job of managing resources. Where the private utility chose to put money into control and data-logging, the public utility made sure that the front entrance to their "show" plant would look good.  BC (Canada)has a public system which, in the past, has been run well. It is now being castrated for political rather than functional  purposes. Possibly the key to a good public utility is to have it subject to the same regulations and taxes that a private utility faces and, more importantly, keep the politicians and bureaucrats at arms length from the management. De-regulation as it has been applied in Alberta as well as in California, simply ignored the engineering principles that built the strength of integrated utilities. Short term gain is now more important than long term planning. No utility has a solid customer base so the option of putting in plant which is not initially cheap and quick is not viable- the customer loses. Nuff said -out of steam — Don Kelly remove the urine to answer

Response:

> The lesson anyone should learn is that there is no way that a private company > can produce power cheaper than a public utility that is operated

effectively. ROFLMAO!!!! What planet you from??  I’ve seen/worked with state-run power authorities and private utilities.  State agencies have *no* concern about costs.  The employees have some of the best job-security around and have no incentive to be competitive.  The best way for public utilities that are regulated to make more money is to drive costs *up*.  Anything just short of gross malfiecense flys past the public service commission.  Government run utilities are exempt from a variety of taxes that private companies must pay (property taxes on a power plant can run in the millions/year).  The government agencies are run *ineffectively* thanks to nepotism and chronyism filling management positions.  I would say something like a third of the payroll is retired, they just keep coming into work and collecting a paycheck. > The private company is only accountable to it’s share holders and must turn a > profit, the public owned utility only has to produce at cost plus expenses. Our > local public utility for over 50 years ran things perfectly and had a > substantial cushion for emergencies, when we forced to sell it to a private > company by the Ontario government it all went to shit with the company needing > to borrow money from the city to remain operating less than a year later. > Deregulation is not the answer, effective management in a public utility

is. Maybe in Canada, but here in the states, ‘effective management’ in a government agency is an oxymoron.  If the only measure of ‘effectiveness’ is how much money is spent annually, then yes, government agencies win.  The way to ensure an increase in next year’s operating budget is to be sure to exceed this year’s.  I’ve had government agencies call me up in November stating, "We have money left in the budget that we want to spend before we lose it at the end of the year, what can you sell us??"  (seriously, worded *just* like that!!!) daestrom

Response:

- Hide quoted text — Show quoted text -> Okay. > After the meandering on this thread, what lessons does > anyone feel the recent California experience teaches > regarding the prospects for social and environmental > good coming out of an increased reliance on renewable > energy? >     The lesson I got from it all was that the people who put together the > sytem for deregulation in California are a bunch of chowderheads. They > created a system which decoupled production and transmission of electricity, > allowed producers to charge basically whatever they wanted, but "protected" > the consumer by limiting what the transmission companies (local utilities) > could charge retail customers. When the local utilities found themselves in > the poition of having to pay more for the product than they could charge, > the obvious happened. >     Other factors of course  enter in, such as a dry year, and the > dismantling of hydro power dams in favor of white water rafting, creating a > condition that required importing much more power than usual from > out-of-state.  A lot more has already been said, and I have no doubt more > yet will be said. Essentially, though, the above paragraph covers the > situation. > brian

The lesson anyone should learn is that there is no way that a private company can produce power cheaper than a public utility that is operated effectively. The private company is only accountable to it’s share holders and must turn a profit, the public owned utility only has to produce at cost plus expenses. Our local public utility for over 50 years ran things perfectly and had a substantial cushion for emergencies, when we forced to sell it to a private company by the Ontario government it all went to shit with the company needing to borrow money from the city to remain operating less than a year later. Deregulation is not the answer, effective management in a public utility is. Mike Wilcox

Response:

> Okay. > After the meandering on this thread, what lessons does > anyone feel the recent California experience teaches > regarding the prospects for social and environmental > good coming out of an increased reliance on renewable > energy?

    The lesson I got from it all was that the people who put together the sytem for deregulation in California are a bunch of chowderheads. They created a system which decoupled production and transmission of electricity, allowed producers to charge basically whatever they wanted, but "protected" the consumer by limiting what the transmission companies (local utilities) could charge retail customers. When the local utilities found themselves in the poition of having to pay more for the product than they could charge, the obvious happened.     Other factors of course  enter in, such as a dry year, and the dismantling of hydro power dams in favor of white water rafting, creating a condition that required importing much more power than usual from out-of-state.  A lot more has already been said, and I have no doubt more yet will be said. Essentially, though, the above paragraph covers the situation. brian

Response:

> Okay. > After the meandering on this thread, what lessons does > anyone feel the recent California experience teaches > regarding the prospects for social and environmental > good coming out of an increased reliance on renewable > energy?

Allow significant consumers to negotiate with suppliers for long-term contracts.  When the spot-market is the only place a supplier (even a base-load plant) can sell, the uncertainty drives up prices.  If a significant portion of the suppliers can get long-term (6-mo -> 3 yr) contracts, this can do a lot to stabalize supply. Do *not* force the still-regulated utility to buy power on the free-market and only sell it at regulated pricing.  When spot prices go up as in summer demand, consumers will stay with regulated utility supplied power and this puts the utility in a hard spot.  They must buy power at going rate and cannot recoup their energy costs from the consumer. For consumers to be sensitive to spot market pricing and willing to do something about it, more TOU metering would be needed.  If consumers can pay the same rates in the peak season as they do in spring/fall (when supply exceeds demand), they have no reason to change usage habits.  Although initially painful for the end consumer to be exposed to high prices during peak periods, this will drive consumers to change usage habits and make peak power alternatives more economicly viable for implementing. CA is a good example of what happens when you try to mix markets.  Consumers protected from any supply/demand price fluctations leads to unrestrained demand.  Demand that is not sensitive to price forces supply to meet it regardless of supply pricing. And of course, more scrutiny on ogliopolies supplying electric to prevent their trying to manipulate the market. daestrom

Response:

Okay. After the meandering on this thread, what lessons does anyone feel the recent California experience teaches regarding the prospects for social and environmental good coming out of an increased reliance on renewable energy? Or is it too early to say (in light of the fact that only the first booklength discussions are currently available)? Caldon – Hide quoted text — Show quoted text – >Here’s a question for people who have thought about the >recent California electricity crisis and maybe looked >into it, and read about it: can you recommend a good, >balanced book-length investigation of the California >crisis? >I live in Canada.  I personally like the idea of >deregulation and decentralization of electricity >generation, but the real-life issues (as relate to the >grid, to prices, etc) seem complex and at least a >little treacherous. >My search on Amazon.com turned up a number of titles >but — uncommon for Amazon offerings — very little in >the way of reader reviews or reader evaluations. There >were books by James Walsh, Christopher Weare, and James >Sweeney — are any of these any good? If not, is there >some other book you would recommend? Thanks. >Caldon

Response:

– Hide quoted text — Show quoted text -> Spilling in time of oversupply is *not* new, nor is it to drive up prices. > You see a hydro spilling water and jump to all sorts of unsubstantiated > conclusions.  Do a little research into what factors are involved in running > a hydro system (on a running river or large reservoir, it’s different). > You’ll find they’ve had to ’spill’ water for a variety of reasons for as > long as they’ve been using hydro.  You just noticed it this spring and think > it’s some sort of conspiracy to raise prices. > Yes, I realise that – I’m refering to excessive spilling in order to > manipulate the volatile spot market for electricity in NZ. > Geoff T

——- I doubt whether there is "excess spilling" This is not economically sound, even in an attempt to manipulate the spot market. Water behind the dam is money. Water spilt is wasted money and the waste exceeds the benefits of higher spot market prices. Don Kelly remove the urine to answer

Response:

> Spilling in time of oversupply is *not* new, nor is it to drive up prices. > You see a hydro spilling water and jump to all sorts of unsubstantiated > conclusions.  Do a little research into what factors are involved in running > a hydro system (on a running river or large reservoir, it’s different). > You’ll find they’ve had to ’spill’ water for a variety of reasons for as > long as they’ve been using hydro.  You just noticed it this spring and think > it’s some sort of conspiracy to raise prices.

Yes, I realise that – I’m refering to excessive spilling in order to manipulate the volatile spot market for electricity in NZ. Geoff T

Response:

– Hide quoted text — Show quoted text -> > Spilling in time of oversupply is *not* new, nor is it to drive up > prices. > > You see a hydro spilling water and jump to all sorts of unsubstantiated > > conclusions.  Do a little research into what factors are involved in > running > > a hydro system (on a running river or large reservoir, it’s different). > > You’ll find they’ve had to ’spill’ water for a variety of reasons for as > > long as they’ve been using hydro.  You just noticed it this spring and > think > > it’s some sort of conspiracy to raise prices. > > To list a few: > > 1) Reservoir over expected level for season.  Predictions of further > > increases will raise water to dangerous level. > > 2) Downstream economy/ecology must have more water than is possible > > otherwise (navigable waterways too low, irrigation needs, etc…) > > 3) Turbines already running at capacity and no more storage available. > > 4) Upstream land is being flooded. > > 5) Series of hydro systems on river, when upstream unit trips (for > variety > > of reasons), the downstream are signalled in preparation for ’slug’ of > water > > coming down river. > > 6) Equipment maintenance/failure. > > Believe it or not, hydro operators have to answer to many more folks > than > > just the energy community. > > daestrom > If you want to see plant operators cry- just watch them when they have to > spill (particular item 3  which is very common)- it is literally money > being > flushed down the stream. > Another frustration is here on a river, we have about 5 dams with hydro, all > in series.  During spring melt, or exceptionally wet weather (like we’ve had > this year), the excess water spills over the top of the dam.  So the heighth > of the dam fixes the max water level for the inlet.  But the excessive flow > rate means that the level at the base of the dam is higher than normal > (level rises till flow down to next dam matches flow from upstream).  This > raises the tail-race level and actually *reduces* hydro-turbine output!!! > Excess water during spring, flow out the wazoo, and plant output goes down > :-( > daestrom

- Seen this in where, on the Saguenay river, the plant inflow was about 50,000cfs, spillage was between 100,000  and 200,000 cfs and tailrace level was about 15 ft above normal. Somewhere I still have pictures of this. Up on the Lac St. John, the main reservoir of the system, the farmers have their own gauges and are eager to sue if the water level is too high. — Don Kelly remove the urine to answer

Response:

>Deregulation and privatisation in Australia has meant we have gone from the >highest standard of infrastructure in the world to a steady decline down the >list.  We now have power poles that fall over because they have not been >checked and replaced, leaking transformers are left in service and then >fail, hot joints are not attended to and then melt or fail completely. >Electricity prices are rising dramatically for less service, higher than >normal breakdowns and brown outs and overall not a pretty picture. >–

No, the picture you paint is not a pretty one. I guess you’d call this the overall picture, the "background" scene for the small energy producer. So then what of the fate of the micro electricity producer? Are energy prices providing an incentive for more small hydro, windpower, p.v.?  Higher prices must have been a boon, in the short run, in California (I’m guessing) as part of the payback for investment by micro-producers. What is the experience in Oz? Caldon

Response:

Deregulation and privatisation in Australia has meant we have gone from the highest standard of infrastructure in the world to a steady decline down the list.  We now have power poles that fall over because they have not been checked and replaced, leaking transformers are left in service and then fail, hot joints are not attended to and then melt or fail completely. Electricity prices are rising dramatically for less service, higher than normal breakdowns and brown outs and overall not a pretty picture. —

– Hide quoted text — Show quoted text -> If you find any, send a description of them to the New Zealand > government and each of our deregulated power companies, because we > sure as hell didnt learn any lessons from the Californians. > We were (or maybe still are) heading for power shortages, but we were > given a reprive when we got some more rain in our hydro lakes: > http://www.comitfree.co.nz/fta/ftaPage.hydrology > I’m not sure whether they still do it, but the companies running the > hydro plants would spill water in times of over-supply to drive the > wholesale electricity price up, which would lead to shortages (and > even higher prices) in drier times. > – Geoff T

Response:

– Hide quoted text — Show quoted text -> Spilling in time of oversupply is *not* new, nor is it to drive up prices. > You see a hydro spilling water and jump to all sorts of unsubstantiated > conclusions.  Do a little research into what factors are involved in > running > a hydro system (on a running river or large reservoir, it’s different). > You’ll find they’ve had to ’spill’ water for a variety of reasons for as > long as they’ve been using hydro.  You just noticed it this spring and > think > it’s some sort of conspiracy to raise prices. > To list a few: > 1) Reservoir over expected level for season.  Predictions of further > increases will raise water to dangerous level. > 2) Downstream economy/ecology must have more water than is possible > otherwise (navigable waterways too low, irrigation needs, etc…) > 3) Turbines already running at capacity and no more storage available. > 4) Upstream land is being flooded. > 5) Series of hydro systems on river, when upstream unit trips (for variety > of reasons), the downstream are signalled in preparation for ’slug’ of > water > coming down river. > 6) Equipment maintenance/failure. > Believe it or not, hydro operators have to answer to many more folks than > just the energy community. > daestrom > If you want to see plant operators cry- just watch them when they have to > spill (particular item 3  which is very common)- it is literally money being > flushed down the stream.

Another frustration is here on a river, we have about 5 dams with hydro, all in series.  During spring melt, or exceptionally wet weather (like we’ve had this year), the excess water spills over the top of the dam.  So the heighth of the dam fixes the max water level for the inlet.  But the excessive flow rate means that the level at the base of the dam is higher than normal (level rises till flow down to next dam matches flow from upstream).  This raises the tail-race level and actually *reduces* hydro-turbine output!!! Excess water during spring, flow out the wazoo, and plant output goes down :-( daestrom

Response:

– Hide quoted text — Show quoted text -> > Here’s a question for people who have thought about the > > recent California electricity crisis and maybe looked > > into it, and read about it: can you recommend a good, > > balanced book-length investigation of the California > > crisis? > If you find any, send a description of them to the New Zealand > government and each of our deregulated power companies, because we > sure as hell didnt learn any lessons from the Californians. > We were (or maybe still are) heading for power shortages, but we were > given a reprive when we got some more rain in our hydro lakes: > http://www.comitfree.co.nz/fta/ftaPage.hydrology > I’m not sure whether they still do it, but the companies running the > hydro plants would spill water in times of over-supply to drive the > wholesale electricity price up, which would lead to shortages (and > even higher prices) in drier times. > Spilling in time of oversupply is *not* new, nor is it to drive up prices. > You see a hydro spilling water and jump to all sorts of unsubstantiated > conclusions.  Do a little research into what factors are involved in running > a hydro system (on a running river or large reservoir, it’s different). > You’ll find they’ve had to ’spill’ water for a variety of reasons for as > long as they’ve been using hydro.  You just noticed it this spring and think > it’s some sort of conspiracy to raise prices. > To list a few: > 1) Reservoir over expected level for season.  Predictions of further > increases will raise water to dangerous level. > 2) Downstream economy/ecology must have more water than is possible > otherwise (navigable waterways too low, irrigation needs, etc…) > 3) Turbines already running at capacity and no more storage available. > 4) Upstream land is being flooded. > 5) Series of hydro systems on river, when upstream unit trips (for variety > of reasons), the downstream are signalled in preparation for ’slug’ of water > coming down river. > 6) Equipment maintenance/failure. > Believe it or not, hydro operators have to answer to many more folks than > just the energy community. > daestrom

If you want to see plant operators cry- just watch them when they have to spill (particular item 3  which is very common)- it is literally money being flushed down the stream. — Don Kelly remove the urine to answer

Response:

> Here’s a question for people who have thought about the > recent California electricity crisis and maybe looked > into it, and read about it: can you recommend a good, > balanced book-length investigation of the California > crisis?

If you find any, send a description of them to the New Zealand government and each of our deregulated power companies, because we sure as hell didnt learn any lessons from the Californians. We were (or maybe still are) heading for power shortages, but we were given a reprive when we got some more rain in our hydro lakes: http://www.comitfree.co.nz/fta/ftaPage.hydrology I’m not sure whether they still do it, but the companies running the hydro plants would spill water in times of over-supply to drive the wholesale electricity price up, which would lead to shortages (and even higher prices) in drier times. – Geoff T

Response:

– Hide quoted text — Show quoted text -> Here’s a question for people who have thought about the > recent California electricity crisis and maybe looked > into it, and read about it: can you recommend a good, > balanced book-length investigation of the California > crisis? > If you find any, send a description of them to the New Zealand > government and each of our deregulated power companies, because we > sure as hell didnt learn any lessons from the Californians. > We were (or maybe still are) heading for power shortages, but we were > given a reprive when we got some more rain in our hydro lakes: > http://www.comitfree.co.nz/fta/ftaPage.hydrology > I’m not sure whether they still do it, but the companies running the > hydro plants would spill water in times of over-supply to drive the > wholesale electricity price up, which would lead to shortages (and > even higher prices) in drier times.

Spilling in time of oversupply is *not* new, nor is it to drive up prices. You see a hydro spilling water and jump to all sorts of unsubstantiated conclusions.  Do a little research into what factors are involved in running a hydro system (on a running river or large reservoir, it’s different). You’ll find they’ve had to ’spill’ water for a variety of reasons for as long as they’ve been using hydro.  You just noticed it this spring and think it’s some sort of conspiracy to raise prices. To list a few: 1) Reservoir over expected level for season.  Predictions of further increases will raise water to dangerous level. 2) Downstream economy/ecology must have more water than is possible otherwise (navigable waterways too low, irrigation needs, etc…) 3) Turbines already running at capacity and no more storage available. 4) Upstream land is being flooded. 5) Series of hydro systems on river, when upstream unit trips (for variety of reasons), the downstream are signalled in preparation for ’slug’ of water coming down river. 6) Equipment maintenance/failure. Believe it or not, hydro operators have to answer to many more folks than just the energy community. daestrom

Response:

>Here’s a question for people who have thought about the >recent California electricity crisis and maybe looked >into it, and read about it: can you recommend a good, >balanced book-length investigation of the California >crisis?

Probably still too early.  I think the biggest problem was energy resellers playing games in order to drive prices up.  When it is all said and done I suspect the conclusion will be that the crisis was manufactured.

Response:

>>Here’s a question for people who have thought about the >recent California electricity crisis and maybe looked >into it, and read about it: can you recommend a good, >balanced book-length investigation of the California >crisis? >Probably still too early.  I think the biggest problem was energy >resellers playing games in order to drive prices up.  When it is all >said and done I suspect the conclusion will be that the crisis was >manufactured.

Thanks, Chris.  Do you think this is why there are no reader reviews, on Amazon, of the several books that have been published to date?  (i.e., still too early) Caldon

Response:

The Cato Institute in Washington DC published a detailed paper on this subject.   It’s not a book, but it is fairly lengthy.   You can get it at their website.

– Hide quoted text — Show quoted text -> Here’s a question for people who have thought about the > recent California electricity crisis and maybe looked > into it, and read about it: can you recommend a good, > balanced book-length investigation of the California > crisis? > I live in Canada.  I personally like the idea of > deregulation and decentralization of electricity > generation, but the real-life issues (as relate to the > grid, to prices, etc) seem complex and at least a > little treacherous. > My search on Amazon.com turned up a number of titles > but — uncommon for Amazon offerings — very little in > the way of reader reviews or reader evaluations. There > were books by James Walsh, Christopher Weare, and James > Sweeney — are any of these any good? If not, is there > some other book you would recommend? Thanks. > Caldon

Response:

>I live in Canada.

But not in Alberta, I assume. > I personally like the idea of >deregulation and decentralization of electricity >generation, but the real-life issues (as relate to the >grid, to prices, etc) seem complex and at least a >little treacherous.

It put several electricity-consuming companies out of business here, by doubling or tripling prices. — Calgary, Alberta, Canada. "Helping People Prosper in the Information Age"

Response:

Your reply to my question about books is a bit hard to decipher, though I take it as an expression of criticism or dismay at deregulation (??).  Fair enough. Anyway, I hope other frequenters of this board may know of a good book about the California crisis. Caldon – Hide quoted text — Show quoted text ->I live in Canada. >But not in Alberta, I assume. > I personally like the idea of >deregulation and decentralization of electricity >generation, but the real-life issues (as relate to the >grid, to prices, etc) seem complex and at least a >little treacherous. >It put several electricity-consuming companies out of business here, >by doubling or tripling prices. >– >Calgary, Alberta, Canada. >"Helping People Prosper in the Information Age"

Response:

Here’s a question for people who have thought about the recent California electricity crisis and maybe looked into it, and read about it: can you recommend a good, balanced book-length investigation of the California crisis? I live in Canada.  I personally like the idea of deregulation and decentralization of electricity generation, but the real-life issues (as relate to the grid, to prices, etc) seem complex and at least a little treacherous. My search on Amazon.com turned up a number of titles but — uncommon for Amazon offerings — very little in the way of reader reviews or reader evaluations. There were books by James Walsh, Christopher Weare, and James Sweeney — are any of these any good? If not, is there some other book you would recommend? Thanks. Caldon

Response:

Detailed info required on Biodiesel

Question:

>I must admit that given how bloody annoying usenet vegetarians can be it >rather pleases me that biodiesel can in no way be regarded as "suitable for >vegetarians".

Subject to origin I guess… Will we see a green ‘V’ on fuel pumps soon ? >I wonder if biodiesel exhaust contains BSE prions?  Presumably passing >through a vehicle engine must kill even the hardiest of nasties.

The way autoclaving for a long time doesn’t ? Hmmm… There there’s the fact that many biodiesel vehicles smell like a fire in a chip shop ! TLV for acrylaldehyde anybody ? Cheers, J/. — John Beardmore

Response:

Cheers for all the feedback so far. Ok, let’s standardise by talking solely about "B100" biodiesel (specs at http://www.biodiesel.org/pdf_files/BDSpec.PDF), CAS no. 67784-80-9 by chemical classification. I believe these are one and the same thing; correct me if wrong. Let’s not talk about DIY biodiesel for now. Still looking for B100’s: 1) Heat of formation 2) Specific heat capacity 3) Chemical composition of the major molecular constituents, especially HC lengths …And I’ll settle for Density=0.88g/ml as I’ve seen this on several different docs so far. That’s all! Thanks, Matt. – Hide quoted text — Show quoted text —— Original Message —– [much snippage] > >Hi All, > >Please can anyone tell me, definitively, the following properties of typical > >biodiesel: > Are you referring to biodiesel proper which is de-esterified plant oils or are > you referring to chip oil used as a diesel replacement which is an ester ? > >1) Heat of formation >  From what ? > >2) Specific heat capacity > >3) Number of atoms of each element per ‘average’ molecule, ie. the chemical > >composition > >4) Density > Vary depending on which plant oil is used. > With what composition ? > Cheers, J/. > — > John Beardmore

Response:

– Hide quoted text — Show quoted text -> Hi John, > Re 1): Definition of ‘heat of formation’ (from > http://members.axion.net/~enrique/fuelheatofformation.html): > "Fuel heat of formation is the amount of energy per kilomole of substance > required to form the molecule in the state it is in while in the fuel tank > from elemental molecules at standard conditions. A positive number means > energy is required to form the molecule and it will release energy when > going to the standard state of its elemental components. A negative number > means energy is released when forming the molecule and it will absorb energy > when going to the standard state of its elemental components. Generally the > higher the number, the more reactive or volatile the substance will be. When > a substance is heated, its heat of formation rises." > … Can’t seem to find anything written up on this yet. > Re 3): I need to know the various constituent molecules typically found in > an average batch of biodiesel, ignoring H2O content. Specifically interested > in what hydrocarbon chain lengths are present. > Re 4): Also need to know the density of an average batch of biodiesel. I now > read that density is around 0.88g/ml – anyone disagree?

How "average" does biodiesel in the UK get?  Does it all get blended?  Is some imported? In the US it seems they classify biodiesel as being "from domestic renewable resources such as soybean oil, rapeseed, cottonseed, sunflower oil, beef tallow, pork lard, yellow grease and corn oil." Given that UK domestic oils might include linseed and mutton fat, but not cotton, corn oil or soybean I reckon you could find that biodiesels will vary from country to country depending on the livestock and crops they farm. I must admit that given how bloody annoying usenet vegetarians can be it rather pleases me that biodiesel can in no way be regarded as "suitable for vegetarians". I wonder if biodiesel exhaust contains BSE prions?  Presumably passing through a vehicle engine must kill even the hardiest of nasties. Michael Saunby

Response:

> >Hi All, >Please can anyone tell me, definitively, the following properties of typical >biodiesel:

Are you referring to biodiesel proper which is de-esterified plant oils or are you referring to chip oil used as a diesel replacement which is an ester ? >1) Heat of formation >  From what ? >2) Specific heat capacity >3) Number of atoms of each element per ‘average’ molecule, ie. the chemical >composition >4) Density

Vary depending on which plant oil is used. – Hide quoted text — Show quoted text -> With what composition ? > Cheers, J/. > — > John Beardmore

Response:

>> >1) Heat of formation >  From what ? >Re 1): Definition of ‘heat of formation’ (from >http://members.axion.net/~enrique/fuelheatofformation.html): >"Fuel heat of formation is the amount of energy per kilomole of substance

But the fuel is a complex mixture of substances.  Do you know what they all are in and what ratio they are present ? >required to form the molecule in the state it is in while in the fuel tank >from elemental molecules at standard conditions.

OK, but what I’m getting at is that mix of substances in the product will depend on the choice of fatty starting material and the reaction used. Some can incorporate the glycerol in the fuel, others do not. > A positive number means >energy is required to form the molecule and it will release energy when >going to the standard state of its elemental components.

You talk about "the molecule" as though a single compound is being produced.  It isn’t. > A negative number >means energy is released when forming the molecule and it will absorb energy >when going to the standard state of its elemental components.

So far so good. > Generally the >higher the number, the more reactive or volatile the substance will be.

OK, but this completely fudges over the divide between reaction thermodynamics and kinetics which is perhaps a more handy way to look at it. > When >a substance is heated, its heat of formation rises."

You mean if a substance requires heat to form or what ? >… Can’t seem to find anything written up on this yet.

Look for physical chemistry books by Atkins. >Re 3): I need to know the various constituent molecules typically found in >an average batch of biodiesel, ignoring H2O content. Specifically interested >in what hydrocarbon chain lengths are present.

OK, good, because with out that you won’t know the weight of a mole of anything. >Re 4): Also need to know the density of an average batch of biodiesel. I now >read that density is around 0.88g/ml – anyone disagree?

That’s much what I would have guessed, but it may depend on the average chain length ? Given that you are dealing with complex mixtures that have practical uses, I’d have thought that the smart money would be on knowing things like the heat of combustion of a litre of the fuel, or heat of reaction when a pigs worth of fat meets sodium methoxide ? Cheers, J/. — John Beardmore

Response:

Hi John, Re 1): Definition of ‘heat of formation’ (from http://members.axion.net/~enrique/fuelheatofformation.html): "Fuel heat of formation is the amount of energy per kilomole of substance required to form the molecule in the state it is in while in the fuel tank from elemental molecules at standard conditions. A positive number means energy is required to form the molecule and it will release energy when going to the standard state of its elemental components. A negative number means energy is released when forming the molecule and it will absorb energy when going to the standard state of its elemental components. Generally the higher the number, the more reactive or volatile the substance will be. When a substance is heated, its heat of formation rises." … Can’t seem to find anything written up on this yet. Re 3): I need to know the various constituent molecules typically found in an average batch of biodiesel, ignoring H2O content. Specifically interested in what hydrocarbon chain lengths are present. Re 4): Also need to know the density of an average batch of biodiesel. I now read that density is around 0.88g/ml – anyone disagree? Thanks, Matt.

– Hide quoted text — Show quoted text ->Hi All, >Please can anyone tell me, definitively, the following properties of typical >biodiesel: >1) Heat of formation >  From what ? >2) Specific heat capacity >3) Number of atoms of each element per ‘average’ molecule, ie. the chemical >composition >4) Density > With what composition ? > Cheers, J/. > — > John Beardmore

Response:

Hi All, Please can anyone tell me, definitively, the following properties of typical biodiesel: 1) Heat of formation 2) Specific heat capacity 3) Number of atoms of each element per ‘average’ molecule, ie. the chemical composition 4) Density Please reply to newsgroup, email not working. Thanks in advance, Matt.

Response:

>Hi All, >Please can anyone tell me, definitively, the following properties of typical >biodiesel: >1) Heat of formation

 From what ? >2) Specific heat capacity >3) Number of atoms of each element per ‘average’ molecule, ie. the chemical >composition >4) Density

With what composition ? Cheers, J/. — John Beardmore

Response:

Hi All, Please can anyone tell me, definitively, the following properties of typical biodiesel: 1) Heat of formation 2) Specific heat capacity 3) Number of atoms of each element per ‘average’ molecule, ie. the chemical composition 4) Density Please reply to newsgroup, email not working. Thanks in advance, Matt.

Response:

>Hi All, >Please can anyone tell me, definitively, the following properties of typical >biodiesel: >1) Heat of formation

 From what ? >2) Specific heat capacity >3) Number of atoms of each element per ‘average’ molecule, ie. the chemical >composition >4) Density

With what composition ? Cheers, J/. — John Beardmore

Response:

Hi John, Re 1): Definition of ‘heat of formation’ (from http://members.axion.net/~enrique/fuelheatofformation.html): "Fuel heat of formation is the amount of energy per kilomole of substance required to form the molecule in the state it is in while in the fuel tank from elemental molecules at standard conditions. A positive number means energy is required to form the molecule and it will release energy when going to the standard state of its elemental components. A negative number means energy is released when forming the molecule and it will absorb energy when going to the standard state of its elemental components. Generally the higher the number, the more reactive or volatile the substance will be. When a substance is heated, its heat of formation rises." … Can’t seem to find anything written up on this yet. Re 3): I need to know the various constituent molecules typically found in an average batch of biodiesel, ignoring H2O content. Specifically interested in what hydrocarbon chain lengths are present. Re 4): Also need to know the density of an average batch of biodiesel. I now read that density is around 0.88g/ml – anyone disagree? Thanks, Matt.

– Hide quoted text — Show quoted text ->Hi All, >Please can anyone tell me, definitively, the following properties of typical >biodiesel: >1) Heat of formation >  From what ? >2) Specific heat capacity >3) Number of atoms of each element per ‘average’ molecule, ie. the chemical >composition >4) Density > With what composition ? > Cheers, J/. > — > John Beardmore

Response:

– Hide quoted text — Show quoted text -> Hi John, > Re 1): Definition of ‘heat of formation’ (from > http://members.axion.net/~enrique/fuelheatofformation.html): > "Fuel heat of formation is the amount of energy per kilomole of substance > required to form the molecule in the state it is in while in the fuel tank > from elemental molecules at standard conditions. A positive number means > energy is required to form the molecule and it will release energy when > going to the standard state of its elemental components. A negative number > means energy is released when forming the molecule and it will absorb energy > when going to the standard state of its elemental components. Generally the > higher the number, the more reactive or volatile the substance will be. When > a substance is heated, its heat of formation rises." > … Can’t seem to find anything written up on this yet. > Re 3): I need to know the various constituent molecules typically found in > an average batch of biodiesel, ignoring H2O content. Specifically interested > in what hydrocarbon chain lengths are present. > Re 4): Also need to know the density of an average batch of biodiesel. I now > read that density is around 0.88g/ml – anyone disagree?

How "average" does biodiesel in the UK get?  Does it all get blended?  Is some imported? In the US it seems they classify biodiesel as being "from domestic renewable resources such as soybean oil, rapeseed, cottonseed, sunflower oil, beef tallow, pork lard, yellow grease and corn oil." Given that UK domestic oils might include linseed and mutton fat, but not cotton, corn oil or soybean I reckon you could find that biodiesels will vary from country to country depending on the livestock and crops they farm. I must admit that given how bloody annoying usenet vegetarians can be it rather pleases me that biodiesel can in no way be regarded as "suitable for vegetarians". I wonder if biodiesel exhaust contains BSE prions?  Presumably passing through a vehicle engine must kill even the hardiest of nasties. Michael Saunby

Response:

> >Hi All, >Please can anyone tell me, definitively, the following properties of typical >biodiesel:

Are you referring to biodiesel proper which is de-esterified plant oils or are you referring to chip oil used as a diesel replacement which is an ester ? >1) Heat of formation >  From what ? >2) Specific heat capacity >3) Number of atoms of each element per ‘average’ molecule, ie. the chemical >composition >4) Density

Vary depending on which plant oil is used. – Hide quoted text — Show quoted text -> With what composition ? > Cheers, J/. > — > John Beardmore

Response:

>> >1) Heat of formation >  From what ? >Re 1): Definition of ‘heat of formation’ (from >http://members.axion.net/~enrique/fuelheatofformation.html): >"Fuel heat of formation is the amount of energy per kilomole of substance

But the fuel is a complex mixture of substances.  Do you know what they all are in and what ratio they are present ? >required to form the molecule in the state it is in while in the fuel tank >from elemental molecules at standard conditions.

OK, but what I’m getting at is that mix of substances in the product will depend on the choice of fatty starting material and the reaction used. Some can incorporate the glycerol in the fuel, others do not. > A positive number means >energy is required to form the molecule and it will release energy when >going to the standard state of its elemental components.

You talk about "the molecule" as though a single compound is being produced.  It isn’t. > A negative number >means energy is released when forming the molecule and it will absorb energy >when going to the standard state of its elemental components.

So far so good. > Generally the >higher the number, the more reactive or volatile the substance will be.

OK, but this completely fudges over the divide between reaction thermodynamics and kinetics which is perhaps a more handy way to look at it. > When >a substance is heated, its heat of formation rises."

You mean if a substance requires heat to form or what ? >… Can’t seem to find anything written up on this yet.

Look for physical chemistry books by Atkins. >Re 3): I need to know the various constituent molecules typically found in >an average batch of biodiesel, ignoring H2O content. Specifically interested >in what hydrocarbon chain lengths are present.

OK, good, because with out that you won’t know the weight of a mole of anything. >Re 4): Also need to know the density of an average batch of biodiesel. I now >read that density is around 0.88g/ml – anyone disagree?

That’s much what I would have guessed, but it may depend on the average chain length ? Given that you are dealing with complex mixtures that have practical uses, I’d have thought that the smart money would be on knowing things like the heat of combustion of a litre of the fuel, or heat of reaction when a pigs worth of fat meets sodium methoxide ? Cheers, J/. — John Beardmore

Response:

>I must admit that given how bloody annoying usenet vegetarians can be it >rather pleases me that biodiesel can in no way be regarded as "suitable for >vegetarians".

Subject to origin I guess… Will we see a green ‘V’ on fuel pumps soon ? >I wonder if biodiesel exhaust contains BSE prions?  Presumably passing >through a vehicle engine must kill even the hardiest of nasties.

The way autoclaving for a long time doesn’t ? Hmmm… There there’s the fact that many biodiesel vehicles smell like a fire in a chip shop ! TLV for acrylaldehyde anybody ? Cheers, J/. — John Beardmore

Response:

Cheers for all the feedback so far. Ok, let’s standardise by talking solely about "B100" biodiesel (specs at http://www.biodiesel.org/pdf_files/BDSpec.PDF), CAS no. 67784-80-9 by chemical classification. I believe these are one and the same thing; correct me if wrong. Let’s not talk about DIY biodiesel for now. Still looking for B100’s: 1) Heat of formation 2) Specific heat capacity 3) Chemical composition of the major molecular constituents, especially HC lengths …And I’ll settle for Density=0.88g/ml as I’ve seen this on several different docs so far. That’s all! Thanks, Matt. – Hide quoted text — Show quoted text —— Original Message —– [much snippage] > >Hi All, > >Please can anyone tell me, definitively, the following properties of typical > >biodiesel: > Are you referring to biodiesel proper which is de-esterified plant oils or are > you referring to chip oil used as a diesel replacement which is an ester ? > >1) Heat of formation >  From what ? > >2) Specific heat capacity > >3) Number of atoms of each element per ‘average’ molecule, ie. the chemical > >composition > >4) Density > Vary depending on which plant oil is used. > With what composition ? > Cheers, J/. > — > John Beardmore

Response:

America worships her SUVs

Question:

<Is it selfish to choose a vehicle based upon safety, if that vehicle ends up fitting someone’s definition of "large vehicle"? > Yes, of course. This idea is simple: the greater mass of the material object, the more resources used to manufacture that object, the more energy is require to manufacture the object, the greater the object impacts the natural environment. Now, people’s justification of safety does not invalidate the basic selfish relationship involved with using more resources…it just makes it more difficult to convince people that we are consuming our natural resources at a rate which is impossible to sustain. So the question is, will human intelligence find a way to avoid a possibly very messy collision with the limitations of nature. I say that managing a limited supply of resources and searching for ways to implement renewable resources is fundamentally more important than satisfying the interests of an EXTREMELY small fraction of the world’s population at the disregard of the rest of the population. Orlando says: Regrettably, a small fraction of stupid but powerful "lions" can spoil the "Jungle" for the smart but weak "monkeys"… Of course, it can only happen because of the indifference of the "little animals"… THE LAW OF THE JUNGLE (This is part of a series of POLITICALLY CORRECT stories for little children, who otherwise may not be ready to live in the Jungle.) Once upon a time, in the deep jungle, lived a Lion and a Monkey… One day the Monkey, tired of the Lion always getting the lion share, and seeing that such injustice represented a danger to all the species of the jungle, demanded justice… The Lion, yawning and stretching, said: "You would have to have paws and sharp teeth…" Then the Monkey, who was very clever, devised a plan: He would go to the costume store, and look like a lion… When the Lion saw him, noticing that the new lion wasn’t a match for him, and fearing competion, killed him on the spot… before the indifferent look of the little animals of the jungle… And that’s how the Law of the Jungle was re-established one more time… NOTE: Other monkeys survived him… "What worries me is not the violence of the few, but the indifference of the many" "Lo que a mi me preocupa no es la violencia de unos pocos, sino la indiferencia de los muchos" M.L. King Jr. http://www.webspawner.com/users/donquijote/index.html http://www.webspawner.com/users/donquijote1/index.html http://www.webspawner.com/users/donquijote2/index.html http://www.webspawner.com/users/donquijote3/index.html http://www.webspawner.com/users/donquijote4/index.html http://www.webspawner.com/users/donquijote5/index.html http://www.webspawner.com/users/donquijote6/index.html http://www.webspawner.com/users/donquijote7/index.html http://www.webspawner.com/users/donquijote8/index.html http://www.webspawner.com/users/donquijote9/index.html http://psrdc.org

Response:

Orlando says: I’m pretty sure driving an unnecessary wasteful big vehicle and then, rather than hiding it, boasting about it is a sign of… IGNORANCE… It’s the same as when you see poor minorities driving large cars… Or would be a coincidence that America rates highest among rich nations for IGNORAMUSES? "Jeff Strickland" <snip> I can’t say how the internal justification works for others, I can only say how it works for me. I agree and I enjoy learning what drives (no pun intended) people’s thinking My choice of automobiles is a fuel efficient 4-door sedan (25mpg), a minivan (20mpg), and a Jeep (20mpg) for weekend jaunts around town and vacation driving. My extragavance is only my motorhome (6mpg) (highway mileage figures) that I use to pull the Jeep. So, I guess that I select vehicles that fit my needs first, and if they can be made fuel efficient then I will select one of those over another model that also fits my needs but is not efficient. rational enough. I’m curious what qualifies as fuel efficient? If the goal is to get the automakers to make more efficient vehicles, then I am all for it. It the goal is to squeeze everybody into a tiny Geo Metro, then I am opposed. The slant of this conversation, before you put your $.02 in, was that Americans are selfish in choosing large cars. The largese of the vehicle doesn’t seem to be your issue, but rather the foolish waste of resources. If this is the case, then the obvious solution is to make the large cars more fuel efficient, and this is a good goal, but the solution of others is to religate Ameircan families into shoebox-sized cars that get good mileage. my goal is simply to learn more about people’s justifications and thoughts in order to have a more intelligent perspective on the debate concerning human consumption of natural resources.